5 Steps to a 5 AP Calculus BC 2019

(Marvins-Underground-K-12) #1
Limits and Continuity 71


  1. Rewrite limx→b
    x^3 −b^3
    x^6 −b^6


as

limx→b
x^3 −b^3
(x^3 −b^3 )(x^3 +b^3 )
=limx→b

1


x^3 +b^3

.


Substitutex=band obtain
1
b^3 +b^3

=


1


2 b^3

.



  1. Substitutingx=0 into the expression
    2 −



4 −x
x
leads to 0/0, which is an
indeterminate form. Thus, multiply both
the numerator and denominator by the
conjugate

(
2 +


4 −x

)
and obtain

limx→ 0

2 −



4 −x
x

(
2 +


4 −x
2 +


4 −x

)

=limx→ 0
4 −(4−x)
x

(
2 +


4 −x

)

=limx→ 0
x
x

(
2 +


4 −x

)

=limx→ 0
(^1
2 +


4 −x

)

=


1


(
2 +


4 −( 0 )

)=

1


4


.



  1. Since the degree of the polynomial in the
    numerator is the same as the degree of
    the polynomial in the denominator,


xlim→∞

5 − 6 x
2 x+ 11

=−


6


2


=−3.



  1. Since the degree of the polynomial in the
    numerator is 2 and the degree of the
    polynomial in the denominator is 3,


xlim→−∞

x^2 + 2 x− 3
x^3 + 2 x^2

=0.



  1. The degree of the monomial in the
    numerator is 2 and the degree of the
    binomial in the denominator is 1. Thus,


xlim→∞

3 x^2
5 x+ 8

=∞.



  1. Divide every term in both the numerator
    and denominator by the highest power
    ofx. In this case, it isx. Thus, you have


xlim→−∞

3 x
√x
x^2 − 4
x

.Asx→−∞,x=−


x^2.

Since the denominator involves a radical,
rewrite the expression as

xlim→−∞

3 x
√x
x^2 − 4


x^2

=xlim→−∞

3




1 −

4


x^2

=

3




1 − 0

=− 3.



  1. xlim→ 1 +f(x)=xlim→ 1 +


(
x^2 ex

)
=eand

xlim→ 1 −f(x)=xlim→ 1 −(ex)=e. Thus,
xlim→ 1 f(x)=e.


  1. xlim→∞ex=∞and limx→∞


(
1 −x^3

)
=∞.
However, asx→∞, the rate of increase
ofexis much greater than the rate of
decrease of (1−x^3 ). Thus,

xlim→∞

ex
1 −x^3

=−∞.



  1. Divide both numerator and denominator


byxand obtain limx→ 0

sin 3x
x
sin 4x
x

. Now rewrite


the limit as limx→ 0

3


sin 3x
3 x
4
sin 4x
4 x

=


3


4


limx→ 0

sin 3x
3 x
sin 4x
4 x

.


Asxapproaches 0, so do 3xand 4x.
Thus, you have

3


4


3 limx→ 0

sin 3x
3 x

4 limx→ 0

sin 4x
4 x

=


3 ( 1 )


4 ( 1 )


=


3


4


.

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