Reactions and Periodicity ‹ 87
● Learn and be able to apply the solubility rules.
● Redox reactions are reactions where oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously.
● Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and reduction is the gain of electrons.
● Combination reactions are usually redox reactions in which two or more reactants
(elements or compounds) combine to form one product.
● Decomposition reactions are usually redox reactions in which a compound breaks down
into two or more simpler substances.
● Single displacement reactions are redox reactions in which atoms of an element replace
the atoms of another element in a compound.
● Know how to use the activity series to predict whether or not an element will displace
another element.
● Combustion reactions are redox reactions in which the chemical species rapidly
combine with diatomic oxygen gas, emitting heat and light. The products of the com-
plete combustion of a hydrocarbon are carbon dioxide and water.
● Indicators are substances that exhibit different colors under acidic or basic conditions.
● Acids are proton donors (electron-pair acceptors).
● Bases are proton acceptors (electron-pair donors).
● Coordinate covalent bonds are covalent bonds in which one atom furnishes both of the
electrons for the bond.
● Strong acids and bases completely ionize/dissociate, and weak acids and bases only
partially ionize/dissociate.
● Know the strong acids and bases.
● Acids react with bases to form a salt and usually water in a neutralization reaction.
● Many hydrides react with water to form the hydroxide ion and hydrogen gas.
● A titration is a laboratory procedure for determining the concentration of an unknown
solution using a solution of known concentration.
● The equivalence point of an acid–base titration is the point at which the moles of
H+ from the acid equals the moles of OH- from the base. The endpoint is the point at
which the indicator changes color, indicating the equivalence point.
● A complex ion is composed of a metal ion covalently bonded to two or more molecules
or anions called ligands.
● The coordination number (usually 2, 4, or 6) is the number of donor atoms that can
surround a metal ion in a complex.