Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces ❮ 173
Figure 12.5 Phase diagram for H 2 O.
Pressure (atm)
Temperature (°C)
− 1 100
Triple point
(0.01°C, 0.006 atm)
Critical point
(374°C, 218 atm)
1.0
Solid Liquid
Gas
of temperature and pressure at which all three states of matter can exist together. The
phase diagram for water is shown in Figure 12.5.
For each of the phase transitions, there is an associated enthalpy change or heat
of transition. For example, there are heats of vaporization, fusion, sublimation, and
so on.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Pressure
Temperature
Triple point
Deposition
Sublimation
Fusion
(Melting)
Freezing
Vaporization
Condensation
Critical
D Bpoint
A
C
Figure 12.4 A phase diagram.