CHAPTER 16 / PRACTICE TEST 2 695
4.A If the pathogens (infectious agents) spread
more quickly in close quarters, the crowdingwould be
a problem. This would cause the disease to spread.
propagation = reproduction, increase in number;
squalor=horrible or dirty conditions; circulation=
moving of something around from place to place;
poverty=state of being poor; deterioration=wearing
down; congestion=crowdedness; proximity=close-
ness; resilience=ability to recover from a challenge
5.E The purpose of research is to find answers to
questions of interest. Therefore, the research endeav-
ors(attempts) to determineor understandthe mecha-
nisms by which our brains do things. If the data must
be turned into coherent and understandable informa-
tion,it must not have been coherent to begin with, but
rather just a big rush of information. enhance=make
better; attenuate=reduce in amount; dearth=scarcity,
lack; elucidate=make clear; deluge=huge flood
6.D The fruitsmentioned in line 10 refer to the
means of acquiring food and shelter, because they are
described as the fruits for maintaining human life.
7.B The question is whether one can get quick re-
turns of interest(make money) from the capital of
knowledge and learning(from one’s education) (lines
13–15).
8.A The pointing of dogs is mentioned as an in-
stinctive tendency to the performance of an action
(lines 1–2).
9.E Inherited tendencies tend to show themselves
in the behavior of an organism. The paragraph men-
tions the calf and the caterpillar as examples of or-
ganisms with instincts that show themselves in later
behavior.
10.D The final paragraph begins with The best life is
the one in which the creative impulses play the largest part
and the possessive impulses the smallest(lines 56–58).
11.D Lines 22–26 say that the food and clothing of
one man is not the food and clothing of another; if the
supply is insufficient, what one man has is obtained at
the expense of some other man.Therefore, food and
clothing exist in finite amounts and can be used up.
12.E This section of the passage discusses matters
such as good-will(line 38), science(line 31), and paint-
ing pictures or writing poems(lines 35–36) as things
that are not denied to someone else when one person
possesses them.
13.E This sentence discusses the possessive im-
pulses(line 49) as distinct from the creative impulses
discussed in the next sentence. The impulse of prop-
ertyin lines 51–52 is the desire to possess property.14.C This statement echoes the point made in lines
71–72 that spiritual possessions cannot be taken in this
way,that is, by force.15.D Lines 58–59 say This is no new discoveryand
go on to cite the Gospel as a prior source expressing
the same opinions as Russell’s.16.B The author’s main point is that creativity is of
higher value than possessiveness. The invention
mentioned in answer choice (B) was created to make
money for its inventor (a possessive and materialis-
tic motive) but has the side effect of benefitting all of
humankind.17.A The passage discusses the perspective one
Native American has on the appearance of the new
superstition(line 44). It discusses how some villagers
have taken to the new religion and also mentions one
fellow tribe member’s attempt to convert the main
character.18.E In saying that men of the same color are like the
ivory keys of one instrument where each represents all
the rest, yet varies from them in pitch and quality of
voice(lines 4–7), the author is saying that people of
the same race possess important differences.19.D The author describes the preacher as
mouth[ing]most strangely the jangling phrases of a
bigoted creed(lines 11–12), indicating that she consid-
ers him to be an intolerant person. She describes her-
self as having compassion(line 7) and respect(line 10),
but does not attribute these qualities to the preacher.20.B Lines 13–14 say that our tribe is one large fam-
ily, where every person is related to all the others.21.C Both the preacher and the author’s mother
have become followers of the new superstition(line 44).22.C In saying that a pugilist commented upon a re-
cent article of mine, grossly perverting the spirit of my
pen(lines 66–68), the author is saying that the pugilist
distorted the author’s words in a grotesque way.