Barrons SAT Subject Test Chemistry, 13th Edition

Hydroxide

OH −

Test with red litmus paper. Turns blue.

Sulfate

SO 4 −

Add solution of BaCl 2 , then HCl.

White precipitate forms; insoluble in HCl.

Sulfide

S 2−

Add HCl and test gas released with lead acetate

paper.

Gas, with rotten egg odor, turns paper brown-

black.

III. Identification of Some Positive Ions

Ion

Test

Result

Ammonium

NH 4 +

Add strong base (NaOH); heat gently.

Odor of ammonia.

Ferrous

Fe 2+

Add solution of potassium ferricyanide,

K 3 Fe(CN) 6.

Dark blue precipitate forms (Turnball’s

blue).

Ferric

Fe 3+

Add solution of potassium ferrocyanide,

K 4 Fe(CN) 6.

Dark blue precipitate forms (Prussian blue).

Hydrogen

H +

Test with blue litmus paper.

Turns red.

IV. Qualitative Tests of Some Metals

FLAME TESTS. Carefully clean a platinum wire by dipping it into dilute HNO 3 and

heating in the Bunsen flame. Repeat until the flame is colorless. Dip heated wire
into the substance being tested (either solid or solution), and then hold it in the hot
outer part of the Bunsen flame.

Compound of

Color of Flame

Sodium (Na)

Yellow

Potassium (K)

Violet (use cobalt-blue glass to screen out Na impurities)

Lithium (Li)

Crimson

Calcium (Ca)

Orange-red