Changes in Enthalpy
Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law
Chapter Summary
Internet Resources
Practice Exercises
9Rates of Chemical Reactions
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
Activation Energy
Reaction Rate Law
Chapter Summary
Internet Resources
Practice Exercises
10Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium
Le Châtelier’s Principle
Effects of Changing Conditions
Equilibria in Heterogeneous Systems
Common Ion Effect
Driving Forces of Reactions
Chapter Summary
Internet Resources
Practice Exercises
11Acids, Bases, and Salts
Definitions and Properties
Indicators
Titration—Volumetric Analysis
Buffer Solutions
Salts
Amphoteric Substances
Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern
Chapter Summary
Internet Resources
Practice Exercises
12Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidation States