Take a Diagnostic Exam ❮ 23
- The greatest degree of resistance to extinction is
typically found in which type of reinforcement
schedule?
(A) normative
(B) fixed ratio
(C) variable ratio
(D) fixed interval
(E) variable interval
- In describing a ball that is both red and big, we
say, “Big red ball,” rather than, “Red big ball,”
in the English language. Such a rule about word
order is a specific rule of
(A) grammar
(B) syntax
(C) semantics
(D) spelling
(E) deep structure
- Ralph thinks senior citizens are the ones who
back up traffic on parkway entrance ramps
because senior citizens are hesitant drivers. Every
time he sees lots of cars waiting to enter the park-
way, he looks to see who is driving the front car.
If a senior citizen is in the driver’s seat, he points
it out to passengers in his car. Ralph is evidencing
(A) confirmation bias
(B) hindsight bias
(C) groupthink
(D) the availability heuristic
(E) the representativeness heuristic
- Jho remembers which wavelengths of light are
shorter than others by recalling ROYGBIV.
ROYGBIV is an example of
(A) a mnemonic device
(B) the method of loci
(C) the self-reference effect
(D) constructive memory
(E) the representativeness heuristic
- Knowing how to ride a bicycle is stored in which
of our memory subsystems?
(A) explicit
(B) implicit
(C) semantic
(D) episodic
(E) declarative
- Rather than taking the time to check the dictionary,
Vinny used “i before e, except after c” to decide
the spelling of “niether” (sic). To solve his spell-
ing problem, Vinny applied
(A) Weber’s law
(B) an algorithm
(C) the law of effect
(D) the misinformation effect
(E) a heuristic
- After hearing this list of words, “Night, snore,
bed, tired, pillow, dark, yawn, blanket, toss,
turn,” subjects were asked to write the words they
heard. They frequently included the word sleep.
This illustrates
(A) source amnesia
(B) procedural memory
(C) constructive memory
(D) retroactive interference
(E) proactive interference
- When Sally moved to a new city, she didn’t know
where to find the spices she needed in the unfa-
miliar supermarket. As a result, Sally walked up
and down each aisle until she located the spices in
the same aisle as the baking supplies. The strategy
Sally used to solve her problem best illustrates
(A) trial and error
(B) the availability heuristic
(C) representativeness heuristic
(D) an algorithm
(E) the belief perseverance
- A phoneme is
(A) a set of rules for language
(B) a word or letter added to the end of another
(C) a word or letter placed before another
(D) the smallest meaningful unit of language
(E) the smallest distinctive sound unit of
language
- According to the drive reduction theory, the aim
of drive reduction is
(A) raising motivation
(B) homeostasis
(C) incentive
(D) to maintain a tension state
(E) to increase arousal
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