Figure 4.32 Evolutionary (phylogenetic) treeOne common factor of why organisms move is to disperse to new habitats to
reduce intraspecific competition. By finding new suitable habitats, individuals
can increase the range of their species.
The geographic distributions of plant and animal species are never fixed over
time. Geographic ranges of organisms shift, expand, and contract. These changes
are the result of two contrasting processes: (1) colonization and establishment,
and (2) localized extinction. Colonization and establishment takes place when