Barrons AP Environmental Science

■ Pests becoming    resistant   to  a   particular  pesticide   (genetic    resistance—i.e.,

an  inherited   change  in  the genetic makeup  (genome)    of  the pests   that

confers a   selective   survival    advantage   due to  conferring  or  increasing

resistance  to  the pesticide)

Methods used    in  IPM include:

■ Polyculture

■ Intercropping

■ Planting  pest-repellent  crops

■ Using mulch   to  control weeds

■ Using pyrethroids or  naturally   occurring   microorganisms  (such   as  Bt)

■ Natural   insect  predators

■ Rotating  crops   often   to  disrupt insect  cycles

■ Using pheromones  or  hormone interrupters

■ Releasing sterilized  insects

■ Developing    genetically modified    crops   that    are more    insect  resistant

■ Regular   monitoring  through visual  inspection  and traps   followed    by

record  keeping

■ Construction  of  mechanical  controls    such    as  traps,  tillage,    insect  barriers,

or  agricultural    vacuums equipped    with    lights

RELEVANT LAWS

FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE AND RODENTICIDE

CONTROL ACT (FIFRA) (1947):  Regulates   the     manufacture     and     use     of

pesticides.  Pesticides  must    be  registered  and     approved.   Labels  require

directions  for use and disposal.

FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL   PESTICIDES  CONTROL ACT (1972):

Requires    registration    of  all pesticides  in  U.S.    commerce.

FOOD    QUALITY PROTECTION  ACT (FQPA)  (1996): Emphasizes  the

protection  of  infants and children    in  reference   to  pesticide   residue in  food.

FORESTRY

Forestry involves the management of forests.