■ Changes in vegetation (e.g., vigor, disease and pest susceptibility,
abundance, and biodiversity) because of changes in the soil pH and in the
soil ecosystems. This results in changes in the food webs.
■ Changes in animal life due to changes in the amount and types of
vegetation available.
■ Acid shock, which results from the rapid melting of the snow pack that
contains dry acidic particles and which results in acid concentrations in
lakes and streams that are up to 10 times higher than acidic rainfall.Remediation and Reduction Strategies
Remediation and reduction strategies that are designed to reduce the effects of
acid deposition include:
■ Continued support and enforcement of the Clean Air Act
■ Tax incentives to encourage buyers of new vehicles to switch to green
vehicles
■ Tax incentives to power companies to encourage them to convert to less
polluting sources of energy
■ Requiring the use of pollution control technology for existing coal-
burning power plants■ Requiring that only Energy Star® appliances be sold in the United
States
■ Creating allowance trading systems
■ Requiring continuous emission monitoring (CEM) systems for industries
that are historically heavy polluters (power companies, refineries, mining
companies, etc.)Smog
There are two forms of smog: industrial smog and photochemical smog.
Industrial smog tends to be sulfur-based and is also called “gray smog.”
Photochemical smog is catalyzed by UV radiation, tends to be nitrogen-based,
and is also called “brown smog.”