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Iraq
ASIA
FACTFILE
OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Iraq
DATE OF FORMATION: 1932
CAPITAL: Baghdad
POPULATION: 30.7 million
TOTAL AREA: 168,753 sq. miles
(437,072 sq. km)
DENSITY: 182 people per sq. mile
LANGUAGES: Arabic*, Kurdish,
Turkic languages, Armenian, Assyrian
RELIGIONS: Shi’a Muslim 60%, Sunni
Muslim 35%, other 5%
ETHNIC MIX: Arab 80%, Kurdish 15%,
Turkmen 3%, other 2%
GOVERNMENT: Parliamentary system
CURRENCY: New Iraqi dinar = 1000 fils
Oil-rich Iraq is situated in the central Middle East. The
last 50 years have been dominated by dictatorship, war, and civil
strife. A US-led Coalition ousted Saddam Hussein in April 2003.
GEOGRAPHY
Mainly desert. The Tigris and
Euphrates rivers water fertile regions and
create the southern marshland.
Mountains along northeast border.
CLIMATE
Southern deserts have hot, dry
summers and mild winters. North has dry
summers, but winters can be harsh in the
mountains. Rainfall is low.
PEOPLE & SOCIETY
Carved out of remnants of the
Ottoman Empire, Iraq is home to Arab
Muslims (mainly Shi’a, some Sunni),
northern Kurds (who were persecuted
under Saddam’s regime), and smaller
minorities. Since Saddam’s removal,
sectarian violence has overshadowed the
new democratic state. Now that security
is improving, Coalition forces are pulling
out. After years of war and sanctions,
poverty is widespread.
THE ECONOMY
Economy and infrastructure have
been destroyed. Given stability and aid
for reconstruction, hopes of recovery
rest on massive oil reserves.
INSIGHT: As Mesopotamia, Iraq
was the site where the Sumerians
established the world’s first civilization
100 km
100 miles
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2000m/6562ft
1000m/3281ft
500m/1640ft
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KUWAIT
SYRIA
TURKEY
IRAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
Jordan
Syrian
Desert
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Buíayrat ath Tharthár
Al Ba§rah
Al Maw§il Arbíl
As Sulaymáníyah
An Najaf
Ar Ramádí
Kirkúk
Karbalá’
An Ná§iríyah
Al ‘Amárah
Ba‘qúbah
BAGHDAD