World Atlas 2010 (4th edition)

304

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Russian Federation

EUROPE / ASIA

FACTFILE

OFFICIAL NAME: Russian Federation

DATE OF FORMATION: 1480

CAPITAL: Moscow

POPULATION: 141 million

TOTAL AREA: 6,592,735 sq. miles

(17,075,200 sq. km)

DENSITY: 21 people per sq. mile

LANGUAGES: Russian*, other

RELIGIONS: Orthodox Christian 75%,

Muslim 14%, other 11%

ETHNIC MIX: Russian 80%, other 13%,

Tatar 4%, Ukrainian 2%, Chavash 1%

GOVERNMENT: Mixed presidential–

parliamentary system

CURRENCY: Russian rouble = 100 kopeks

GEOGRAPHY

The Ural Mountains divide the

European steppes and forests from the

tundra and forests of Siberia. South-

central deserts and mountains.

CLIMATE

Continental in European Russia.

Elsewhere climate ranges from sub-arctic

to Mediterranean and hot desert.

PEOPLE & SOCIETY

Besides the ethnic Russian majority,

there are 57 “nationalities” with territorial

status, and a further 95 minorities

without their own region. Most ethnic

republics are in European Russia. The

number of Muslims is rising, though the

overall population is predicted to fall by

30% in 50 years. Nation-based separatism

is brutally suppressed, as in Chechnya.

HIV/AIDS is spreading. Healthcare and

education are underfunded. Crime is a

serious problem.

INSIGHT: The Trans-Siberian

Railroad, which runs 5578 miles

(9297 km) from Moscow to Vladivostok,

is the longest in the world, passing

through eight time zones

The Russian Federation was the core of the old Soviet

Union, which broke up in 1991. Russia is still the world's largest

state. Its diversity is a source of both strength and problems.