C h a p t e r 1 4
Process Analysis
A
process-analysis paper explains how something is or was done. You can explain
how to build a bird feeder (present time) or how a bird feeder was built (past
time). In either case, you take readers step by step through the process.
The process paper serves to instruct, so that readers can complete a similar process,
or to inform, so that they can develop a deeper understanding or appreciation of
some process.
For instance, a process analysis may tell readers how to fill out tax forms, how to
drywall a new room, how to refinish furniture, how to drive safely in heavy traffic, or
even how to antagonize a younger sister. In each case, by following the instructions,
readers may complete the process on their own.
Similarly, a process analysis may explain how a spacecraft provides oxygen during
an extended flight, how a fuel-injection system works, how a cancer patient coped
with his terminal illness, or how the perfect crime was committed. In these cases,
readers need not plan to complete the process personally. The paper broadens
understanding for the process and, in some situations, appreciation for the people
involved. It can even become the basis for a television program or bestseller!
cHaracteristics
A process-analysis paper takes many forms and numerous directions but in general
-^ demonstrates the writer’s familiarity with the subject,
-^ gives step-by-step directions or explanations,
-^ clarifies cause-and-effect relationships [see also Chapter 6, Cause and Effect],
-^ follows a chronological order [see chronological order in the Glossary],
-^ includes illustrations, examples, and other specific details [see specific detail in
the Glossary],
-^ includes ample transitions to allow the reader to follow the logical steps [see
transitions in the Glossary],
-^ uses terminology appropriate for the audience, but avoids overly technical
words.