Glossary / 437direct address a form of noun that names a specific person. Example: How are
you, Mary? (Mary is a noun of direct address.) [See Chapter 45, Punctuation, for
rules and examples for punctuating nouns of direct address.]
direct object a noun that tells who or what receives the action of a transitive
verb. Example: Paul flew the plane. (The noun plane receives the action of the
verb flew.) [For comparison, see also indirect object and check Parts of the Sen-
tence in Chapter 42, Classification of Words.]
direct question the exact words of another’s question; as opposed to indirect
question. Example: Mark asked, “Did you see many snakes?” (The words inside
the quotation marks are Mark’s exact words, a direct question.) [For comparison,
see indirect question. See Chapter 45, Punctuation, for rules and examples of quo-
tation marks with direct questions.]
direct quotation someone’s exact words, either written or spoken. Example:
Samantha explained, “These overcooked vegetables lack the vitamins of properly
steamed vegetables.” [For comparison, see indirect quotation. See Chapter 45,
Punctuation, for rules and examples of quotation marks with direct quotations.]
documentation the supplying of supporting references by notation (in-text paren-
thetical notes and endnotes) and use of a bibliography. [See Chapter 34, Research
Paper, for a discussion and examples of each of the documentation styles.]
editorial a statement of opinion in a newspaper or other publication, or on radio
or TV, that gives the views of the owner, publisher, or others. [See also Editorial
Letters in Chapter 26, Letters.]
ellipsis 1. the omission of a word or words necessary for complete grammatical
construction but understood in the context. Example: If possible is understood
to mean if it is possible. 2. a mark of punctuation (.. .) indicating an intentional
omission of words or letters or a lapse of time.
elliptical clause a clause in which grammatically necessary elements are omitted
but implied by context. Example: Kelly is taller than she (implied: than she is).
emphasis, in sentences special attention given to a sentence part so as to make
it stand out; importance, stress. Example: He contributed 50 dollars to the vol-
unteer fire department (emphasis on fire department). To the fire department, he
contributed 50 dollars (emphasis on 50 dollars). [For discussion and examples of
various methods of emphasis, see Chapter 3, Revising.]
emphatic form a present or past tense in which a form of the verb to do is used
as an auxiliary, for emphasis. Example: I do care.
endnote a reference or comment appearing at the end of a paper. A note with
similar information appearing elsewhere in the paper is called an in-text or par-
enthetical note. [See also Chapter 34, Research Paper.]