464 / Webster’s New World Student Writing Handbook, Fifth Edition
perfect tenses, defined, 445
period
defined, 445
when to use, 427
periodical, defined, 445
periodical index
for biography research, 150
defined, 445
periodic sentence, defined, 445
personal business letter, 204
personal essay, 128–129
personality, reflecting in application essay,
137
personality feature, 195
personal pronoun, defined, 446
personification, defined, 446
persuasion paper
characteristics of, 109–110
defined, 446
getting arguments on paper, 114
versus opinion paper, 102
overview, 109, 110
prewriting, 110–114
proofreading, 115
revising, 114–115
sample, 115–117
writing-across-curriculum models, 115
phrases
defined, 446
gerunds, 420
infinitives, 419
overview, 419
participles, 420–421
physiological needs, 112
plagiarism
defined, 446
in paraphrases, 285
in précis, 289
in research papers, 303
plot
defined, 446
drama scripts, 351–353
literary analysis, 233
plurals
defined, 446
that are singular, 414
poem, defined, 446pan, defined, 357
paper
for business letters, 201
for scholarship applications, 139
paragraph development, defined, 444
paragraph-length sketch, biography, 153
paragraphs
arranging details, 19–20
checking structure, 34–35
defined, 444
developing notes, 20
overview, 17–18
sample, 21
selecting subtopics, 18–19
topic sentence, 18
parallel structure
in classification lists, 69–70
defined, 444
emphasis through, 36
lists as short answers, 370
in outlines, 271, 273
overview, 16
parallel vocabulary, 51
paraphrase
characteristics of, 284
defined, 444
drafting first summary, 285
overview, 284
prewriting, 284
proofreading, 285–286
revising, 285
sample, 286–287
summary versus, 284
parentheses, defined, 444
parenthetical element, defined, 444
parenthetical expression interrupter, 425
part-by-part organization
in analogies, 51–52, 55–56
in comparison-and-contrast papers, 78
defined, 445
participial phrase, 421, 445
participle, 420–421, 445
parts of speech, defined, 445
passive voice, 406, 445
past-events feature, 195–196
past participle, 420, 445
past perfect tense, defined, 445
past tense, defined, 445