Index / 471in comparison-and-contrast papers, 75
defined, 451
in descriptive papers, 94
in lectures, 274
literary analysis, 238
in multi-paragraph papers, 26
in opinion papers, 106
overview, 12
paragraphs that serve as, 23
process papers, 121–122
from thesis sentence to topic sentence, 29
using when switching to
counterarguments, 113
in writing paragraphs, 18, 20
transitive verb, defined, 451
two-paragraph theme, 23
two shot, defined, 357understatement, defined, 451
unfounded opinions, 103
unity
in analogies, 53
in book reports, 161
in cause-and-effect papers, 62
checking for, 33–34
in comparison-and-contrast papers, 76
defined, 451
overview, 12
uppercase, defined, 451
URL endings, 297
usage
adjectives, 417–418
adverbs, 417–418
checking, 45–46
defined, 451
overview, 413
pronouns, 415–417
subject, agreement with verb, 413–415
verb, agreement with subject, 413–415vagueness, defined, 451
verbal phrase
defined, 451
gerunds, 420
infinitives, 419
overview, 419
participles, 420–421three-paragraph theme, 23
title pages, 317
tone
defined, 451
literary analysis, 235
maintaining, 12
topic
of analysis of literary elements, 235–236
of analysis of literary works, 247–249
of book report, 159
for cause-and-effect papers, 58–59
for comparison-and-contrast papers,
76–77
defined, 451
finding, 4, 7, 58–59
for narrative papers, 97–98
narrowing, 60, 91
for opinion papers, 103–104
prewriting analogy, 50
process analysis, 121
for research papers, 293–295
selecting, 91
selecting for classification, 67
thinking about, 131–132
topic outline
characteristics of, 271
defined, 451
sample of, 275–276
topic sentence
for analysis of authors, 227
beginning with, 53–54, 81
checking, 34
in classification papers, 68, 70–71
in comparison-and-contrast papers,
75, 80
defined, 451
in definition papers, 86–87
in descriptive papers, 90, 93
essay question responses, 192
in opinion papers, 105–106
overview, 9, 18, 27
in paragraphs, 20
placement of, 22–23
transitions
from body paragraphs to conclusion, 29
book reports, 162
checking, 33–35, 54
in classification papers, 71