Student Writing Handbook Fifth+Edition

78 / Methods of Development

Second method of discipline

Nonverbal messages

Verbal messages

Reward/reinforcement

For sample papers developed by the whole-by-whole pattern, see the Sample for Social
Sciences later in this section and the Sample for Science online in Comparison and
Contrast at [http://www.wiley.com/go/wnwstudentwritinghandbook.]

Part-by-Part Pattern. Using part-by-part organization, a writer explains one point
of both subtopics before introducing the next point. For instance, using again the
preceding example, the writer discusses nonverbal messages in the first method of
discipline and then in the second. Next, the writer discusses verbal messages and,
finally, reward/reinforcement. The general outline looks like this:

Nonverbal messages

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline

Verbal messages

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline

Reward/reinforcement

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline

[For sample papers developed by the part-by-part pattern, see the Sample for English and
the Sample Technical Writing online in Comparison and Contrast at http://www.wiley.com/go/
wnwstudentwritinghandbook.]

Similarities-Differences Pattern. Using the similarities-differences pattern of orga-
nization, the writer deals with both comparisons and contrasts. In this pattern, the
writer discusses in one paragraph all the similarities of the two methods of discipline
and in another paragraph all the differences. The general outline may look like this:

Similarities

Nonverbal messages

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline

Verbal messages

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline

Reward/reinforcement

First method of discipline

Second method of discipline