Western Civilization - History Of European Society

440Chapter 23 diseases. These microorganisms (a term coined in 1880) might be spread by air (as was smallpox), by water or food ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century441 a German doctor suggested the steam sterilization of instruments in 1896. Pasteur, Koch, ...

442Chapter 23 eighty-eight thousand people still received two-thirds of its calories from carbohydrates, mostly from bread (see ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century443 times for every kilometer a ton was carted. In 1905, when steamships had replaced sails, ...

444Chapter 23 chased their food in markets, unscrupulous merchants exploited the unregulated economy to sell adulterated food. A ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century445 spread across the British Isles during industrialization. Many motives could be discerne ...

446Chapter 23 ten found him stupefied by opium) or even famous preachers (William Wilberforce was an addict because of his ulcer ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century447 obtain an abortion throughout those years, but only one hundred to two hundred French wo ...

448Chapter 23 percent in 1889). Much lower rates were found in re- gions with early marriages (such as Serbia, which re- ported ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century449 ment of babies at public institutions in France reached a recorded peak of 164,319 in 18 ...

450Chapter 23 law limited children below the age of twelve to eight hours of work per day. The Old Regime legacy of children wor ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century451 such preparation. Private (tuition paying) schools often stressed religious studies, whi ...

452Chapter 23 marry at twelve and boys at fourteen for most of the century. Orthodox canon law accepted marriage at thirteen for ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century453 transition from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy, which broke down the h ...

454Chapter 23 in mid-Victorian Britain, nearly twice as many as la- bored in textile industries, or twenty times as many as were ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century455 active. Adultery was a serious crime for married women but less so for men. Flaubert pro ...

456Chapter 23 40,000 at the turn-of-the-century. Similar estimates for Germany range from 100,000 to 330,000 women in All such ...

Daily Life in the Nineteenth Century457 years of hard labor. When that statute was reformed in 1912, it permitted the flogging o ...

CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Introduction II. The Congress of Vienna and the Restoration of the Old Order A. The Conservative Alliance and ...

The Defense of the Old Regime, 1815–48 459 respect for Louis XVI’s son who had died in prison. The allies considered Louis XVIII ...