Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

they were made or why they appear as they do without knowing the circumstances of their creation. Art appreciation does not requ ...

time. If so, the art historian can assign a more accurate date to that painting. Stylistic evidence is also very important. The ...

the plant into a powerful abstract composition of lines, forms, and col- ors (see the discussion of art historical vocabulary in ...

lines of unequal length or a simple geometric cross can serve as an em- blem of the religion as a whole, symbolizing the cross o ...

assigning artworks to “the hand” of one artist rather than another. Attribution is subjective, of course, and ever open to doubt ...

on a plane,a flat surface. A line may be very thin, wirelike, and delicate. It may be thick and heavy. Or it may alternate quick ...

intervals between a structure’s masses, or the amount of space occu- pied by three-dimensional objects such as sculpture, potter ...

in an actual building. Instead, the lines converge beyond the struc- ture, leading viewers’ eyes toward the hazy, indistinct sun ...

to see its full shape, including both shoulders, equal in size, as in na- ture. (Compare the shoulders of the hunter on the gray ...

RELIEF SCULPTURE Statuesthat exist independent of any architectural frame or setting and that viewers can walk around are freest ...

Other types of architectural drawings appear throughout this book. An elevation drawing is a head-on view of an external or inte ...

patterns of the cultures they study and by the obstructions to under- standing—the assumptions, presuppositions, and prejudices ...

1-1Aerial view of the ruins of Hagar Qim, Malta, ca. 3200–2500 BCE. One of the earliest stone temples in the world is on the isl ...

H umankind seems to have originated in Africa in the very remote past. From that great continent also comes the earliest evidenc ...

forms in the natural environment to the representation (literally, the presenting again—in different and substitute form—of some ...

HOHLENSTEIN-STADEL One of the earliest sculptures discovered yet is an extraordi- nary ivory statuette (FIG. 1-4), which may dat ...

art. Yet the preponderance of female over male figures in the Old Stone Age seems to indicate a preoccupation with women, whose ...

ALTAMIRAThe works examined here thus far, whether portable or fixed to rocky outcroppings or cave walls, are all small. They are ...

larger painting approximately 60 feet long). Sanz de Sautuola was certain the bison painted on the ceiling of the cave on his es ...

F rom the moment in 1879 that cave paintings were discovered at Altamira (FIG. 1-9), scholars have wondered why the hunters of t ...