Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

1026

Introduction

1. Quoted in George Heard Hamilton,Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880–1940,
   6th ed. (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1993), 345.


2. Quoted in Josef Albers: Homage to the Square (New York: Museum of Modern Art,
   1964), n.p.
   Chapter 2


3. Translated by Françoise Tallon, in Prudence O. Harper et al.,The Royal City of Susa
   (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992), 132.

Chapter 3

1. Herodotus,Histories,2.35.


2. The chronology adopted in this chapter is that of John Baines and Jaromír Malék,
   Atlas of Ancient Eg ypt(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980), 36–37. The division
   of kingdoms is that of, among others, Mark Lehner,The Complete Pyramids(New
   York: Thames & Hudson, 1997), 8–9, and David P. Silverman, ed.,Ancient Eg ypt
   (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 20–39.

Chapter 4

1. Homer,Iliad,2.466–649.

Chapter 5

1. Plutarch,Life of Pericles,12.


2. Pliny,Natural History,34.74.


3. Ibid., 36.20.


4. Lucian,Amores,13–14;Imagines,6.


5. Plutarch,Moralia,335A–B. Translated by J. J. Pollitt,The Art of Ancient Greece:
   Sources and Documents(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 99.


6. Pliny,Natural History,35.110.

Chapter 10

1. Livy,History of Rome,25.40.1–3.


2. Recorded by the Venerable Bede, the great English scholar, monk, and saint, who
   died in 735. Translated by Lord Byron in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage(1817), 4.145.


3. Juvenal,Satires,3.225, 232.

Chapter 11

1. Translated by Raymond Davis,The Book of Pontiffs (Liverpool: Liverpool University
   Press, 1989), 18–19.

Chapter 12

1. Paulus Silentarius,Descriptio Sanctae Sophiae,617–646. Translated by Cyril Mango,
   The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312–1453: Sources and Documents(reprint of 1972
   ed., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1986), 85–86.


2. Procopius,De aedificiis,1.1.23ff. Translated by Mango, 74.


3. Paulus Silentarius, 489, 668. Translated by Mango, 83, 86.


4. Translated by Colin Luibheid,Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works(New York:
   Paulist, 1987), 68ff.
   5. Procopius, 1.1.23ff. Translated by Mango, 75.
   6.Libri Carolini4.2. Translated by Herbert L. Kessler,Spiritual Seeing: Picturing God’s In-
   visibility in Medieval Art(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), 119.
   7. Nina G. Garsoïan, “Later Byzantium,” in John A. Garraty and Peter Gay, eds.,The Co-
   lumbia History of the World(New York: Harper & Row, 1972), 453.
   8. Ibid., 460.
   Chapter 16
   1.Beowulf,3162–3164, translated by Kevin Crossley-Holland (New York: Farrar, Straus
   & Giroux, 1968), 119.
   2.Beowulf,33.


5. Translated by Françoise Henry,The Book of Kells(New York: Knopf, 1974), 165.


6. Translated by John W. Williams, in The Art of Medieval Spain A.D. 500–1200(New
   York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993), 156.


7. Translated by Adam S. Cohen,The Uta Codex(University Park: Pennsylvania State
   University Press, 2000), 11, 41.
   Chapter 17


8. Translated by Charles P. Parkhurst Jr., in Elizabeth G. Holt,A Documentary History
   of Art,2d ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981), 1: 18.


9. Translated by Giovanna De Appolonia, Boston University.


10. Translated by Calvin B. Kendall,The Allegory of the Church: Romanesque Portals and
    Their Verse Inscriptions(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998), 207.


11. Translated by John Williams,A Spanish Apocalypse: The Morgan Beatus Manuscript
    (New York: Braziller, 1991), 223.


12. Bernard of Clairvaux,Apologia 12.28. Translated by Conrad Rudolph,The “Things
    of Greater Importance”: Bernard of Clairvaux’s Apologia and the Medieval Attitude
    toward Art (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990), 281, 283.
    6.Rule of Saint Benedict,57.1. Translated by Timothy Fry,The Rule of St. Benedict (Col-
    legeville, Minn.: Liturgical, 1981), 265.
    Chapter 18


13. Giorgio Vasari,Introduzione alle tre arti del disegno(1550), ch. 3. Translated by Paul
    Frankl,The Gothic: Literary Sources and Interpretation through Eight Centuries
    (Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1960), 290–291, 859–860.


14. Dante,Divine Comedy,Purgatory, 11.81.


15. Translated by Roland Behrendt,Johannes Trithemius, in Praise of Scribes: De laude
    scriptorum(Lawrence, Kans.: Coronado, 1974), 71.


16. Frankl, 55.
    Chapter 20


17. Francisco de Hollanda,De pintura antigua(1548). Robert Klein and Henri Zerner,
    Italian Art, 1500–1600: Sources and Documents(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall,
    1966), 33.
    Chapter 21


18. Ghiberti,I commentarii,II. Quoted in Elizabeth Gilmore Holt, ed.,A Documentary
    History of Art, I: The Middle Ages and the Renaissance (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Uni-
    versity Press, 1981), 157–158.

NOTES