CUZCOIn the 16th century, the Spanish conquistadors largely
destroyed the Inka capital at Cuzco. Consequently, most of the infor-
mation about the city has been gleaned from often contradictory
Spanish sources rather than from archaeology. Some descriptions
state that Cuzco’s plan was in the shape of a puma, with a great
shrine-fortress on a hill above the city representing its head and the
southeastern convergence of two rivers forming its tail. Cuzco resi-
dents still refer to the river area as “the puma’s tail.” A great plaza,
still the hub of the modern city, nestled below the animal’s stomach.
The puma referred to Inka royal power.
One Inka building at Cuzco that survives in small part is the
Temple of the Sun (FIG. 32-7), built ofashlar masonry (fitting stone
blocks together without mortar),an ancient construction technique
the Inka mastered. Inka masons laid the stones with perfectly joined
faces so that the lines of separation between blocks and courses were
almost undectable. Remarkably, the Inka produced the close joints of
their masonry by abrasion alone, grinding the surfaces to a perfect fit.
The stonemasons usually laid the blocks in regular horizontal courses
(FIG. 32-7,right). Inka builders were so skilled that they could fashion
walls with curved surfaces (FIG. 32-7,left), their planes as level and32-6Aerial view of Machu
Picchu, Inka, Peru, 15th century.
Machu Picchu was the estate
of an Inka ruler. Stone terraces
spill down the Peruvian moun-
tainsides. Precisely placed
windows and doors facilitated
astronomical observations.32-7Remains of the Temple of the Sun (surmounted by the church of Santo Domingo), Inka, Cuzco, Peru, 15th century. Exterior (left);
interior (right).
Perfectly constructed ashlar masonry walls are all that remain of the Temple of the Sun, the most important shrine in the Inka capital. Gold, silver,
and emeralds covered the temple’s interior walls.
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