Biology (Holt)

Using Key Terms

1.Most multicellular eukaryotes form

specialized reproductive cells by

a.binary fission. c.meiosis.

b.mitosis. d.fragmentation.

2.Genes are exchanged between homologous

chromosomes during the process called

a.fertilization. c.meiosis.

b.crossing-over. d.telophase II.

3.The random distribution of homologous

chromosomes during meiosis is called

a.fission.

b.budding.

c.crossing over.

d.independent assortment.

4.In humans, gametes join during the process

called ______ to form a diploid zygote.

a.asexual reproduction

b.meiosis

c.fertilization

d.crossing-over

5.For each pair of terms, explain the

differences in their meanings.

a.spermatogenesis, oogenesis

b.asexual reproduction, sexual

reproduction

c.sporophyte, gametophyte

Understanding Key Ideas

6.Which of the following events occurs

during prophase I of meiosis?

a.crossing-over

b.duplication of chromatids

c.reduction in chromosome number

d.separation of chromatids to opposite poles

7.Homologous pairs of chromosomes move

to opposite poles during

a.prophase I. c.metaphase II.

b.anaphase I. d.anaphase II.

8.Spermatogenesis produces

a.four haploid cells.

b.four diploid cells.

c.four polar bodies.

d.two haploid cells.

9.Sexual reproduction may have originated

as a way for cells to

a.shuffle genetic material.

b.repair damaged DNA.

c.produce diploid individuals.

d.increase their population growth at a

maximum rate.

10.In plants, the sporophyte generation

produces ______ spores through meiosis.

a.haploid

b.triploid

c.diploid

d.mutated

11.After crossing-over as shown below, what

would the sequence of genes be for each of

the chromatids?

12.Compare and contrast the processes of

mitosis and meiosis. (Hint:See Chapter 6,

Section 4.)

13. What is the function of a
    nurse cell in egg formation?


14. Review two hypotheses
    that have been proposed to explain
    parthenogenesis according to the strengths
    and weaknesses of those hypotheses.
    Which hypothesis do you think is more
    supportable, and why?


15. Concept MappingMake a concept
    map that shows the three sexual life cycles in
    eukaryotic organisms. Include the following
    words in your map: meiosis, fusion, gametes,
    spores, fertilization, zygote, gametophyte,
    sporophyte, haploid, and diploid.

Performance

ZONE

156 CHAPTER 7Review

CHAPTER REVIEW

AAa a

BBBB

ccCC

ddDD

E e E e

4B

4B

6E

3A

6E

4B

4B

4B