Biology (Holt)

CHAPTER 7 Review 157

Critical Thinking

16. Evaluating ResultsOccasionally homolo-
    gous chromosomes fail to separate during
    meiosis I. Using the hypothetical example
    of an adult organism that has two pairs of
    chromosomes, describe the chromosomal
    makeup of the eggs that would result from
    this error in meiosis.


17. Evaluating ResultsIf normal human sperm
    fertilized eggs, what would the chromoso-
    mal makeup of the resulting zygote be?


18. Applying InformationHow do independent
    assortment, crossing-over, and random fer-
    tilization affect the rate of evolution?


19. Critiquing HypothesesA student states that
    organisms that reproduce asexually are at a
    disadvantage in a stable environment. If
    you agree with this hypotheses, name one
    or more of its strengths. If you disagree,
    name one or more of its weaknesses.

Alternative Assessment

20. Finding InformationUse the Internet to
    investigate captive breeding programs for
    endangered species in zoos. Compare the
    genetic variation of captive-bred animals
    with the genetic variation of wild animals.
    Evaluate the impact of captive-breeding
    programs on genetic diversity. What can
    researchers do to help maintain genetic
    diversity in these programs?


21. Career ConnectionCell BiologistResearch
    the field of cell biology, and write a report
    on your findings. Your report should
    include a job description, training required,
    kinds of employers, growth prospects, and
    starting salary.


22. Interactive Tutor Unit 4Cell Reproduction
    Write a report summarizing the effects of
    various treatments for infertility. Find out
    how the production of gametes may be
    affected in some people who are infertile.

TAKS Test PrepTAKS Test Prep

Use the diagram below and your knowledge of
science to answer questions 1–3.

1.The process that contributes to the produc-

tion of the sperm and egg is

A budding.

B fragmentation.

Cmeiosis.

Dmitosis.

2.The process that contributes to the forma-

tion of the embryo from the zygote is

F oogenesis.

Gfission.

Hmeiosis.

J mitosis.

3.Which type of eukaryotic life cycle does the

diagram represent?

A asexual

B haploid

Cdiploid

Dalternation of generations

Adult

female

Sperm Egg

Zygote

Embryo

Baby

Adult

male

Fertilization

3A

6E

6E

3D

3C 6D