at the top and the youngest at the bottom. How do you explain how the rocks came
to be this way?- Describe an anticline and name the age order of rocks.
- Describe a syncline and name the age order of rocks.
- What is the difference between a dome and a basin and what is the age order of rocks
in each? - Name one similarity and one difference between a fracture and a fault?
- What are the two types of dip-slip faults and how are they different from each other?
- California is plagued by earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault zone. Why are there
so many earthquakes and why are they so severe? - Volcanoes are mountains that form in two ways. Describe these two ways and how
they are associated with a plate boundary. - Describe the plate tectonics processes and associated stresses that have led to the
formation of the Himalayas, the world’s largest mountain range?
Vocabulary
anticline A fold that arches upward, in which the older rocks are in the center and the
younger rocks are at the outside.
basin A block of rock that has slipped downward between two normal faults.
compression Stresses that push toward each other. This causes a decrease in the space a
rock takes up.
confining stress The stress due to the weight of material above a buried object. Confining
stress reduces volume but causes no deformation.
deformation The change of shape that a rock undergoes when it has been altered by
stresses. Also called strain.
dip-slip fault A fault in which the dip of the fault plane is inclined relative to the hori-
zontal.
dome A circular anticline. A dome has the oldest rocks in the center and the youngest on
the outside.
elastic strain Strain that alters the shape of a rock but that is not permanent. The rock
goes back to its original shape when the stress is removed.