.11l;rJIr..JrnmrrltoJi"iJ~lip
f-:" ' '' pr .nIlI r P,',lJ.,,,,
C",!{tTrnlr,I'1"5.
2~COLOWARANDK U~lAIn France and ltJ.ly commumsrparti e,won lotso f
sup po rt b y promisingreformstomaketh in g sbett er.
T h isworriedP res id en tTru m an.In the su mmerof
194 7 his go vern m en tputforwardJ.scheme thathe
hopedwou ldhelpEurope's people and alsom ake
commun ismlessappealingto th em .T he scheme\VJ.S
calledth eM arsh allPlan.afierGener alGeorge
Marsh all.theSecr etary o f Srar c whoan nou ncedit.
T heUnitedStat es hadplcnev of all rhc thingsthat
Eu ro pe nee d ed inilH 7 - foo d .fuel, rawmaterials,
m achin es. T h e trouble w asth atEurop ewasto opoor
tobuythem .Toso lveth is pro b lemMarshalloffered
togiveEuropean co untriesthe goo dstheyneed ed.
Marshallo ffer edhelptorhc Sov ietUnion,to o. Buta
So v iet new sp aperdesc ri bedhis schemeJ.S"ap lanfo r
Interferen cein thehome affairs o fothercounn-ics."
Stalin re fusedtohave an yth ingtodo withit. IIealso
m ade sureth at110t1':.'o fthecounrrresonth e Soviet
U n i o n 's sideofrh e Iro nC u rtain accepte dhelpeithe r.
Butm illionsofd o llars' worthofAmerican food,raw
m aterialsandmachiner ystar ted to pou rIIUOw este rn
Europe ,Itwas likegivinga d yingpt'rsona b loo d
transfusion. By the rime th e Marshall Plan endedIII
1952 , wes ternEu ro pewasback o n its feetand
beginningtoprosper.Bythenco ntainmentwaskx.'mgtestedIIIAsia also.
T he res t w as raking placeIIIKor ea.Before the
SecondWo rldWar, Ko rea had been ru l edbyjapan.
WhenJapJ.1lsu rren de red in1945.th e nort ho f Ko rea
w asoccupiedbySo v ietfor ces and the so m h by
America n s.The bounda rybetween thetwoareas
w astheearth's38thpar alleloflatitud e.117