ANEW WORL DWinthrop.'TheeYl'Sofallpeopleareu po nus. "To
th isdaym an y Ameri cansco nt inuetosec th ei r
co unt ryin this way.as a m od elforothernat io n"
toco p y,
ThePu ritans of'Massachuscn s believ edthat
g o ve rnm en tsh ad ad ut y tonub: people obeyGod's
will. T heypas sedlaws to forcepeople[0at t end
ch urchandlavv·s[0punish dru nksandadu lterers.
Evenm enwho letthei rhairgrowlon g couldbein
tr o u ble.
Ho gerWillia ms. aPuritanministerin a settlement
cal ledSalem.believedth at it was wro ngtoru n the
affairs of MassachusettsIIIthis way.IIc objected
particularl ytothe factrha rthe sa me men cont ro lled
both th e chur ch and thegovernment. Williams
believedth atch u rch and Slate sho u ld beseparatean d
rh nrn eithershouldinterferew iththeothe r.
Williams 'repeatedcriticismsmadeth eMassachusetts
leaders angry.In 1535th eySl'!Hmentoarresthim.
ButWilliamsescapedandWl'!Hsout h.wherehe
w asjoinedbyotherdiscourcutcdpeo plefr o m
Massachusett s.O n the sho resofNarragansett Uay
William s and h is f o llowersset upa novvco lony called
Rho d eIsland , RhodeIsland p ro m isedits cit i zens
com ple terelig io us freed o mand sep aratio nofch urch
andstate.Tothisdaythese ideasarc stillvny
Im po rtan tto Ameri can s.
T Ill'leade rsofMassachusenscould nor f o rg iveth e
peo pleofRho deIslandforthinking sod ifferently
fro mth em sel ves.T heycalled rhc breakawaycolo ny
"the lan do f theopposite-minded."
'"
I Vil/ i,l'"Pm'ls(~J1iJl.~,'lmlly",iI1111,,':I ", ...i",{j,Uls.By the endo f thcseven teen thCl'nturya strlngof
Englis hco lo niesstretchedalongtheeastroastof
North Am er ica.M o re or lessinthemiddlewas
Pennsylvan ia.T hiswasfou ndedIII16HIbyWilham
Pen n.Under acharter fromtheEng lishk ing.
C ha rlesII, Penn wasth eproprieto r.o rowner,of
I'enllsy lvallia.
Pennbelongedto a relig iou sgrou p ,theSO('il't yof
l-ricnds ,common ly calledQ u ake rs.Q uakersrefused
to sw earoath s o r tolakepanill wars.Thesecustom s
hadhelpedtomake them'Tryunpopular with
En glishgovernments. Wh en Pennp ro m ised his
fellowQ u akers thatin l'cnuv vlvauia th eywould
hefree 10 followtheirownways .manyofthem
emigratedthere,
Penn 'sp ro miseo f religiousfreedom. to getherw ith
h is rcputarioufo r dealingfairly with people.brou ght
settlers fro mot herEur o pean countri es to
l'cnnsylvan ia.PromIreland came settle rs whomade
newf.1tIl1Sin the w es tern for est softh e co lony,Man y
Germ an s carne also.MO SIwere membersofsllIall
relig i o u sgrou psw hohadleft Germa nytoescape
persecution.T heywereknow nasth e Pen n sylvani a
I j u rch. This wasbecauseEng lishpeople atrhisti me
called mo st northEuro pean , "Dutch,"
N ewYork had pre viously beencalledN ew
Amsterdam , h had fi rst been settled ill 162(,. In J()
th e English captu r editfromtheIJu rchand re-n amed
it NewYo rk. A fewyearst iler.in 1670, rhc Eng lish
foun dedth enewcolo nieso fNorth and South
Carolina.The las t Eng lishcolo ny to be fo un ded in
NorthAmericawasGeorgia. scnlcdIII 173 .1.