Fo r pur po ses of govern m entth e federal auth o rities
divid edthelan ds betweenthe Appalach iansan dthe
Mississipp i intotwo.T heOhioRivermarkedthe
bo u ndarybetween them .T heareasouthofth e O hio
wascalledth eSourhwcsrT err ito ryandthat to the
northth e N o rth westT err it ory.
As thenumberofp eo plelivin ginthemincreased,
eachofthesetw o bigterrito rieswasd ividedagam
int osmallero n es.Ohio, Ind i an a.Illin ois,M ichiga n ,
and Wisconsinw en-evenruallvm adeoutofth e
N o rt h westTerritory.As each wasforme dit w as
placedunder theru leofa gon'rn o rappoin ted by
C o n g ress.Whenth enumb erofwhitemalesliv in g in
aterritoryreached 5,000it coul delectitsownlaw-
makin~b o rly .It coul d also senda represent ativeto
TheWarof1812
Betw een 1803 and 1815 B ri tainand Fran cewere
at w ar. Bothcountries'warshipsin te rfe re dw ith
Amer ican trade. T hey stopped Amer ican mer-
chantshipsand sometimes seizedtheircargo es.
Americans becam eangry .Theywereespecially
angry at the British because the British took
seamenoffAmerican shipsand fo rced them to
serveill the British nav y.
InJ une 1812.Congressdeclared war onB ritain. 111
theearly monthsofthis Waro f 181 2 A merican
shipswona numberoftigh tsatsea. Bur them uch
strongerB ri tishnavysoongamed completecon-
trol of th e coastalwatersofthe United Statesand
blockad edAmericanports. A meric anattemptsto
Invade B ritish- ruled Canada ended in d isaste r.
Evenmarchum iliat in g fo rtheAmericans.B ritish
forces captured and burned Washington. their
newcapitalcity.
InDecem b er 18 1-1,the U n itedStatesand Britain
signeda treaty ofpeace in Eu ro pe .Twoweeks
later,before the newsreached America, B ritish
forces attacked thecity ofNewOrleans. They
weredefeatedbyAmericansoldiersled by General
Andre wJackson.
In mallYwaysthewholeoftheWaro f 1812was as
pointle ssasthislastbank.limit taughtAmericans
animportantlesso n. T heB ritishnavy's warti me')YI'A~ 5 IHGII O WTHg ive its poin tofviewinCong ress.Whenthe
po pu latio n of a te rritoryreached 60,000it became a
n ewst at e,withth e sa merights andpowersasthe
originalthirteenstates.
T hesearrangements for go verningnewterrito ries
were firs t introducedb y th eNorthwestOrd inan ceof
1787. T h e planthat th eOrdina ncelaiddow n for
cont roll i ng th e growthoftheU nitedStateshasbeen
follo wedeversince.T hei m porta n ceoftheplan is
th at i t made sure that the o rig in al thirt eensta teswere
n otableto controlfo rth eirown benefit landsthat
weresettledla ter.This mean t th at astheUnited
Stat esgrewb iggerit wentonbeing a democratic
unio nofequ als.Tilt·A ma ir,m.<hipC0I1S1illl!iOIl~r",rI<i".I!tl,,-tJ,i f;$!l.<!lipJ a\' JblockadeofU n ited State s port s had curo ff the
impo rt ed Eu ro pean m anufact ured good s u pon
which thecount ryrelied .T his fo rcedA merica ns
tobeginm aki nggoodsofthei rownandso gaveJ
stanto Am erican m anu fact uring in du stry.ThomasJ effer son wasoneofm an ypeople wh o
h adbeen against thegrowthofindustryin th e
U nited States.Nowh e sawho wImporta ntit was
to thefutur e safetyandprosperityofth ecountry.
Soo nafter th e Warof1812 he w ro te;" Wem ust
n o w plac e th em anufactu rer byth e sideo f th e
agr iculturist ."31)