17 - -
I N VE N T O R S AND I N DUS T RIE S
I II I H7(1Presid ent UlyssesS.Grant traveled to
' I' h ilad d ph utoo pen,1specialexhibi tion.The
cxhibiriouwas calledt heCente llnialExp o siti o n.It
hadbeenorp;anizedtocclcbrnrctheU n itedSt ales'
h un d red th birth day asall in dcpcndvnr natio nby
sho will!; so meofits achievements.
The mainattract ionoftill'CentennialEx po sit io n
wastill'Machinery Hall.Thiswas a bigwooden
b uild ingthatcoveredmorethan twel ve acres.Insid...·
it visitorscouldSt".'suchrecentAmericaninventio ns
asrhctypewriter andthetelephoneas well as
m achines forrounrlcsvotheruses-forsewing.
grilUling.sc rewing,pr-inting. drilling.pumping,
hammcring
f'r".<jdnll(;r""1,,,,JEmprn"Dt""PrJr"1/,>jff'<l::ilslal1l1,,'CM/iS,<
(:""I,'",,,i,1Ib',~i",'ill"t,,,I,ill"y11,,11,
72IIIrill'sixm o nt h stharthc•Expositionwaso pen
almos ttellm illio npeoplewandered thr o ug h thc• hall,
T heygazed in wond eratitshu nd red s of m ach ines,
1-:\ ' l '11th enormallypat ro n izin g Brit ishnew sp aper
T il l'Timeswasimpressed." T heAmericanin ventsas
th e Greekscu lptedandastilt'Italianpain ted. "it
repo rted ."I tis genius,"Attheli llll' of t he CentennialExposition.rhcUnited
Stuteswasstillmainlyafanningcountry,But1llthe
yearsthatfollowed,Americanindustriesg rew
quicklv.Theproductionofcoalandirongrew
especiallyfast.T hesewere themostimportant
in d ustr ialrawm an-rialsinrhcnincrccmhcentury.
Americansdi scoveredVJSII1t'Wdeposi tsof'borh1Il
tilc Humsand 1890s .In arangeoflowhi llsatrh....
w estcrnend o f LakeSupcnor.(or exam ple.sour....
b rothcrs nnmcdM err itt found the g reatM esabi i ron
d cpo si ts. TIll' M cr rirr sIl U lit'their discoveryinIHH7
andrhc M cvahiSOOIlbecameoneofrhclargest
p roducer sofiro norein theworld.Theorelayclose
to the surfaceofthegroundIIIhorizontalbandsupto
500 fc crthick. ItWAScheap.easytominc. and
rem ark abl yfr......ofchemicalimpurities.Beforelo ng
M esab iorewasbeingprocessedintoh ighquality
steelatonlyonetenthofrhcpreviouscost.
Hy II)(XJten tim csmorecoal wasbeingproducedIII
th eUnited StatesthaninIH60.T he outputo f iron
w astwent ytimes higher.T h esein crcascswereboth
a cau seanda resultofarapid growth of American
mannfitcturing indusnicsin rhcs....years.Railroad s wereveryimpo rtantin thisgrowtho f
manu fac turing .Vastamountsofcoal andironwere
used tomakesteelfo rtheirrails,locomotivcs.freight
wagon'sandpassengercars. Burth iswasnotall.The
railro ad slinkedto getherbuyersandseller-sallover
rhccountry.Withoutthembignewcentersof
industrylikePitt sburgh andChicagocouldnorhan'
developed .It wastherailroadsthat carriedcattleto
C hicag ofromtheG reatPlainstokeepitshuge
slaughte rhousesandmeatprocessingplantsbusy.It
w asthe railro ads , roo.th atro o kreapers.windmills
an d barbe d wrrcfromC hicago'sfarmcqu ipmcur
facto ries to homest ead er so n the praln es.