Documenting United States History

162 ChaPTER 6 | GrowinG painS | period three 175 4 –18 0 0

•   

Cause and effect: This model looks at a series of phenomena that occur in conse-

quence of preceding phenomena.

Sample

As a result of increased tensions with unstable regimes in France and

England, the Jeffersonian Republicans, who emphasized states’ rights

against the pro-British Federalists, more closely fulfilled the ideals of

the Declaration of Independence.

•   

Comparison and contrast: This model invites a comparison or contrast between

competing phenomena.

Sample

Although Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalists both acknowledged

the importance of an independent, American economy and govern-

ment, the Jeffersonians’ suspicions of a strong central government put

them closer to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.

•   

Concession and refutation: This model anticipates the counterargument and then

addresses it.

Sample

Admittedly, the Jeffersonian Republicans advocated states’ rights in the

spirit of independence and support of the common man’s labor; however,

such support countered the efforts of the Federalists to create a strong

federal government that ultimately upheld the goals of the Declaration of

Independence.

Second, it is useful to develop a working vocabulary of transitional terms that

help create a linear argument. The transitional words appear in boldface in the

above sample thesis statements.

Cause and effect

As a result,

Consequently,

Therefore,

Thus,

Comparison and contrast

Although

Both

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putting it all together 163

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