The Civil Rights Movement Revised Edition

24 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT White Primary: A device used by southern states to exclude blacks from the Democratic primary, the ...

The BrownDecision 25 would vanish by 1963, the centennial of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclama- tion. The South, after all, had no ...

26 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Byrd, Harry, Sr.(1887– 1966): US senator from Virginia who urged mas- sive resistance to Brown. Mas ...

The BrownDecision 27 Eastland, James(1905– 86): Powerful Senate Judiciary chairman from Mississippi who blocked civil rights leg ...

28 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Till, Emmett(1941–55): Chicago teenager mur- dered in Mississippi for allegedly flirting with a whi ...

The BrownDecision 29 crowd in Harlem: ‘Mississippi has decided to maintain white supremacy by murdering children. The killer of ...

30 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT refused to act. A disgusted Roy Wilkins concluded that ‘President Eisenhower was a fine general and ...

The BrownDecision 31 Its shortcomings aside, Browncontributed mightily to the civil rights movement. It not only ended legal seg ...

4 Little Rock Crisis L ittle Rock, the capital of Arkansas, seemed an unlikely place for the gravest constitutional crisis since ...

Little Rock Crisis 33 Pattillo, Melba(1941– ): One of the Little Rock Nine who desegregated Central High School, Little Rock, Ar ...

34 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT State Sovereignty Com- mission: A southern state agency that aimed at dis- rupting the civil rights ...

Little Rock Crisis 35 When judge Davies again ordered desegregation to continue, the board advised the black students to go to C ...

36 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT was another bogus promise. On 23 September, Central High reopened with a thousand angry whites, inc ...

Little Rock Crisis 37 But the networks knew a good story when they saw one, and television boosted the movement as a moral crusa ...

38 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT here apparent in these unsheathed bayonets in the backs of schoolgirls.’ With the mob momentarily d ...

Little Rock Crisis 39 Ernest Green, the first black graduate of Central High, went unharmed. Rumor had it that there was a price ...

40 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT system was devastated as teacher morale plummeted and whites fled the dis- trict to escape desegreg ...

Part 3 FREEDOM BOUND ...

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5 Montgomery Bus Boycott Nixon, E.D.(1899–1987): Union leader, president of Alabama’s NAACP, and organizer of the Montgo- mery b ...