20 November Kennedy orders the integration of federally-financed housing.
September Operation Breadbasket begins.1963
March–May SCLC’s Project Confrontation aims to desegregate Birmingham.
April–July Civil rights demonstrations lead to martial law in Cambridge, Maryland.
11 June Governor George Wallace fails to keep the University of Alabama
segregated.
11 June Kennedy calls civil rights a ‘moral issue.’
12 June Medgar Evers is murdered.
22 June Kennedy ends job discrimination in federally-financed construction
contracts.
28 August Martin Luther King, Jr., gives his ‘I Have a Dream’ speech at the March on
Washington.
15 September Four black girls are murdered in their Birmingham church.
23 October FBI launches a ‘Communist infiltration’ (COMINFIL) investigation into
SCLC.1964
23 January 24th Amendment bars poll taxes in federal elections.
March–June SCLC organizes demonstrations in St Augustine, Florida.
26 April MFDP organizes.
25 May Griffinv. Prince Edward County School Boardforbids schools from closing to
circumvent a desegregation order.
21 June Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman are murdered at
the start of Freedom Summer.
2 July Civil Rights Act becomes law.
2 September FBI uses COINTELPRO to neutralize the KKK.
10 December King receives the Nobel peace prize.
14 December Atlanta Motelv. USrequires public accommodations to admit all customers.1965
18 February The killing of Jimmie Lee Jackson leads to the Selma March.
21 February Malcolm X is assassinated.
21 March Selma–Montgomery march begins, resulting in the murders of James Reeb
and Viola Liuzzo.Chronology xixTHEC_A01.qxd 9/12/08 10:57 PM Page xix