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but a second attempt that year was successful
and resulted in exploration of the entire
southern peninsula. When Kino returned to
Mexico City in 1685, however, he was stranded
there when a war between Spain and France
left missionaries without funding.
Still devoted to the ideal of developing
Baja California, Kino conceived a plan to
establish mission communities near the
northwestern coast of the Mexican mainland.
The missions would be economically self-suf-
ficient, capable of supporting both them-
selves and further forays in California. Kino
obtained approval for the project, as well as a
crucial royal order from Spain: No baptized
Indians under his protection were to be kid-
napped by government officials for forced
labor in the silver mines of Sonora, Mexico’s
northwestern region.KINO’S FIRST MISSIONS
When he set to work in 1687, Kino’s mission-
ary territory turned out to be larger than he
had planned. He was assigned to Pimería Alta
(Upper Pimería), a district comprising pres-
ent-day southwestern Arizona and northern
Sonora State in Mexico. Pimería was named
after its inhabitants, the Pima, an association
of desert-dwelling tribes also known collec-
tively bytheir Indian name, O’odham (The
People).
Father Kino established his first mission
along the San Miguel River in northern(^146) B Discovery of the Americas, 1492–1800
San Xavier del Bac, near present-day Tucson, Arizona, was one of the many missions Eusebio Kino established.
(Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division [HABS, ARIZ,10-TUCSO.V,3-5])
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