less than 48 is found by P (0) + P (1) calculated using the formula once for each probability.
This is 0.00391 + 0.03125 = 0.03516.e. Since the probability is greater than an alpha level of 0.01, I do not have convincing evidence
that the graduate student’s hypothesis is correct. (Alternatively: Since the probability is less
than an alpha level of 0.05, I do have convincing evidence that the graduate student’s
hypothesis is correct.)