The New Deal: 1933–1941The New Deal: 1933–1941 26

CONTENTS

■Alexandre Hogue’s The Crucified Land(1939) symbolizes the nation’s plight

during the Great Depression. Was FDR the new savior?

685

Security as an elaborate fraud that “would have landed

its innovators in a secure federal prison” had they not

been government officials.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social

Security Act in 1935, the cornerstone of his New Deal to

counteract the Great Depression. Other New Deal initia-

tives sought to put the unemployed to work on govern-

ment projects; to use federal funds to help farmers by

raising the price of agricultural products; to reorganize

banks, and to alter federal regulation of corporations.

These measures generated opposition. Conservatives

regarded much of the New Deal as an unconstitutional

infringement of private rights; populists and Marxists

denounced the New Deal as a band-aid that failed to

address the root causes of poverty. But times were bad.

The nation, as Alexandre Hogue suggested in the accom-

panying painting, was in desperate trouble. Through it

all, Roosevelt won the allegiance of voters who

regarded him almost as an economic savior and the New

Deal as gospel. ■

■The Hundred Days

■The National Recovery

Administration (NRA)

■The Agricultural Adjustment

Administration (AAA)

■The Dust Bowl

■The Tennessee Valley

Authority (TVA)

■The New Deal Spirit

■The Unemployed

■Literature During

the Depression

■Three Extremists: Long,

Coughlin, and Townsend

■The Second New Deal

■The Election of 1936

■Roosevelt Tries to Undermine

the Supreme Court

■The New Deal Winds Down

■Significance of the New Deal

■Women as New Dealers:

The Network

■Blacks During the New Deal

■A New Deal for Indians

■The Role of Roosevelt

■The Triumph of Isolationism

■War Again in Asia

and Europe

■A Third Term for FDR

■The Undeclared War

■Debating the Past:

Did the New Deal Succeed?

■Re-Viewing the Past:

Cinderella Man

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