XYZ Affair (p. 165) A political furor caused by French diplo-
mats who in 1797 demanded a bribe before they would enter
into negotiations with their American counterparts; some
Federalists, furious over this assault on national honor, called
for war.
Yalta Conference (p. 733) A wartime conference (February
1945) held in the Russian Crimea, where the Allies—Franklin
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill (Britain), and Josef Stalin (Soviet
Union)—agreed to final plans for the defeat and joint occupation
of Germany; it also provided for free elections in Poland, but such
elections were never held.
Young America movement (p. 348) The confident enthusiasm,
infused with a belief in the nation’s “manifest destiny,” that
spread rapidly during the 1850s.Whiskey Rebellion (p. 161) A violent protest by western
Pennsylvania farmers who refused to pay the whiskey tax pro-
posed by Alexander Hamilton. In 1794, the rebels threatened to
destroy Pittsburgh; by the time the Union army had arrived, the
rebels had dispersed.
Wilmot Proviso (p. 310) A proposed amendment to an 1846
appropriations bill that banned slavery from any territory the
United States might acquire from Spain. It never passed Congress,
but generated a great debate on the authority of the federal gov-
ernment to ban slavery from the territories.
woman suffrage (p. 565) The right of women to vote, ensured by
the passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment (1920).
Works Progress Administration (WPA) (p. 691) ANew Deal
agency, established in 1935 and run by Harry Hopkins, that spent
$11 billion on federal works projects and provided employment
for 8.5 million persons.
Glossary G11