Notes
1 Constantine/Cyril, Prologue to the Gospel, in Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium,
and the Islamic World, ed. Barbara H. Rosenwein, 2nd ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014),
p. 159. Return to text.
2 For one such seal, see Reading the Middle Ages, Plate 11, p. 247. Return to text.
3 Pope Nicholas I, Letter to Answer the Bulgarians’ Questions, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 163. Return
to text.
4 The Life of Constantine-Cyril, quoted in Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen through
Contemporary Eyes, ed. Deno John Geanakoplos (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), p.
- Return to text.
5 “Imports of Iraq,” in Medieval Trade in the Mediterranean World: Illustrative Documents, trans. Robert
S. Lopez and Irving W. Raymond (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), p. 28. Return to text.
6 Abu Nuwas, Turning the Tables, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 123. Return to text.
7 Quoted in Michael Cooperson, Al-Ma’mun (Oxford: Oneworld, 2005), p. 99. Return to text.
8 Al-Bukhari, On Fasting, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 122. Return to text.
9 The Chronicle of Albelda, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 124–25. Return to text.
10 Pope Stephen II, Letter to King Pippin III, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 134. Return to text.
11 Einhard, Life of Charlemagne, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 145. Return to text.
12 Polyptyque of the Church of Saint Mary of Marseille, in Carolingian Civilization: A Reader, ed. Paul
Edward Dutton, 2nd ed. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), p. 215. Return to text.
13 Dhuoda, Handbook for her Son, in Reading the Middle Ages, p. 151. Return to text.