responsive to numerous individual and collective goals. But in the next century, while
harmony was the ideal and sometimes the reality, discord was an ever-present threat.
Chapter Six Key Events
1152–1190 Frederick Barbarossa (king of Germany and emperor from
1155)
1154–1189 King Henry II of England
1170 Murder of Thomas Becket
1171 Henry II conquers Ireland
1171–1193 Saladin’s rule
1176 Battle of Legnano
1187 Battle of Hattin
1189–1192 Third Crusade
1194–1250 Frederick II
1198–1216 Pope Innocent III
1202–1204 Fourth Crusade
1204 Fall of Constantinople to Crusaders
1204 Philip II of France takes King John of England’s northern French
possessions
1212 Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
1214 Battle of Bouvines
1215 Magna Carta
1215 Fourth Lateran Council
1226 Death of Saint Francis
1261 Constantinople again Byzantine
1273 Election of Rudolf of Habsburg as Holy Roman Emperor
