Quest of the Holy Grail (c.1225), 267
Qur’an, 50 –53, 57 , 87 , 92 , 126 , 158
Quraysh, 51 –52, 56
Radegund, Saint, 28
Raising of Lazarus (1304–1306) (Giotto), 270 , 275 , 275
Raphael (1483–1520)
Entombment of Christ, 311 , 311 , 317
Ratislav, duke in Moravia (r.846–870), 82
Ravenna, 98 , 106. See also San Vitale
Reccared, Visigothic king (Spain) (r.586–601), 72
reconquista, 167 , 170 , 207 , 253
referendary, 63
definition of, 334
Reims, 178 , 295
Saint Joseph, sculpture (Cathedral, west portal) (c.1240), 227 , 227 –28, 270
relics, 10 –11, 20 , 26 , 28 , 34 , 45 , 48 , 52 , 66 , 96 , 131 , 181 , 192 , 218 , 221 , 236 , 257 , 317
relic theft, 236
relief, 174
definition of, 334
reliquaries, 45. See also Theuderic, Reliquary of
Renaissance
Carolingian, 103 –9
Italian, 305 –13, 320
Late Antique, 21
Macedonian, 84
Northern, 316 –20
Ottoman, 314 –15
Rhine River, 4 , 21 , 23 , 66 , 170 , 262
Rhineland, 161 , 170 –71, 232 , 251 , 259 , 263 , 266 , 322
Richard I the Lion-Heart, king of England (r.1189–1199), 205
Robert d’Artois (d.1317)
Tomb and Effigy of (1317), 264 –65, 265
Robert of Molesme (c.1027/1028–1111), 186
Roger II, king of Sicily (r.1130–1154), 158
Rollo, 130
Roman Empire, 1 –7, 15 , 16 , 22 –25, 28 –29, 34 , 39 , 41 , 58 , 74 –75, 96 –97, 99 , 106 , 149