Roman Pontiff, 72 , 165 , 259. See also Gregorian reform; Investiture Conflict; names of individual popes
Romance of the Rose (Guillaume de Lorris; Jean de Meun), 267
Romanesque. See architecture; art
Romanus I Lecapenus, Byzantine emp. (r.920–944)
Novel (934), 119 –20
Rome, 1 , 4 , 6 –7, 9 , 15 –16, 18 , 21 , 24 , 28 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 58 , 66 , 72 –75, 82 , 97 –99, 105 –6, 109 , 127 , 134 –35,
166 , 170 , 208 , 211 –12, 229 , 247 , 259 , 301 –2, 307 , 320 , 322
sack of (410), 21 , 29
Romulus Augustulus, Roman emp. (r.475–476), 24
Roncaglia, diet of (1158), 210
Rudolf I, Holy Roman emp. (r.1273–1291), 212
Rugi, 24
Rule of Saint Augustine, 231
Rule of Saint Benedict (c.530–c.560), 28 , 99 , 181 , 186 , 189 , 231
Rum, 157
Mongol-ruled, 287
Seljuk, 242 , 287
Runnymede, 205
Ruotger, 141
Rus (people), 121 , 243
Rus’ (Rus polity), 121 –23, 149 , 234 , 242 –43, 257 –58. See also Russia
Russia, 82 , 123 , 126 , 243
Russian Primary Chronicle, 121
Sacramentary. See liturgy, books
sacraments, 230. See also baptism; Eucharist; marriage
definition of, 334
Saffah, al-, caliph, 87
Saint-Amand, 103 –5, 109
Saint-Germain of Auxerre, 180 , 181
Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 105
Sacramentary of (early 9th cent.), 104 , 104 –5
Saint-Lazare of Autun, 183
Cathedral Nave (1120–1146), 184 , 185
Eve, sculpture (12th cent.), 186 , 186 , 227
plan of, 183 –84, 186 , 187
Saint Mary of Marseille, 103