Pleistocene epoch, 40, 42, 43
Pomar, Juan Bautista, 246,
249
Popocatepetl, 13
Positivism, ideology of,
262–64
Postclassic period, 39, 71–76,
80
religion in, 511–15
Pottery, 45, 47
Pre-Columbian literature,
223–2 8
Prehistoric period, 3 8 –77
Archaic period in, 40–42
classic civilizations in,
56–71
early inhabitants, 40–46
formative period, 46–56
plant domestication, 42–45
postclassic period, 71–76
village life in, 45–46
Prestige dialects, 420
Price, Barbara, 32
Protestantism, 322, 360,
376–77
Protolanguages, 409
Puleston, Dennis, 61
Purépecha, 87
Q
Quauhtlehuanitzin, Don
Domingo de San Antón
Muñón Chimalpahin,
245
Queme, Rigoberto, 32 8
Quetzalcoatl, 22, 75, 99, 100,
102, 117, 122, 164, 165,
167, 225, 244, 510
Quezaltenango, 15
Quiché, 132, 135, 136, 137,
149, 177–79, 211,
238 –40, 2 8 0, 310–11,
339, 350, 355–57, 423,
490, 503, 529, 532
556 INDEX
Quirigua, 69–70
Q’umarkaaj, 8 5, 87
R
Raised fields, 55
Rebus representation, 425
Reconquista,151, 152, 153,
155, 19 8
Reed, Nelson, 2 83
Regionalism, 25 8
Religion, 3 8 6– 8 7, 505–32
ancient times, 505–15
Aztec, 9 8 –102
Catholicism, 325, 333, 46 8
Classic period, 509–11
colonial period, 1 8 3– 8 5,
18 9–9 8 , 212–17, 521–23
common spirituality in
Mesoamerica, 527–32
complementary dualism,
530
contact period, 117
cyclical time, 52 8
immigration and, 526
indigenismo, 525–26
individual coessences,
527–2 8
influence of Western
world, 515–23
language in, 530–32
Mayan, 116–1 8 , 509, 514
missionary state, 516
Mixtec, 10 8 –10
modern era, 523–26
Nahua-Christian songs,
250
postclassic period, 511–15
Protestantism, 322, 360,
376–77
reconquista,151, 152, 153,
155, 19 8
shamanic roots, 506–7
supernatural combat,
529–30
syncretism, 517–19
Teotihuacan, 59
vertical and horizontal
cosmos, 52 8 –29
Zapatista, 397–9 8
Repartimientosystem, 205,
210, 220, 451
Restall, Matthew, 111, 113
Rice, Prudence, 116
Ringle, William, 75
Rio Fuerte, 141
Ritual sweeping, 446
Romanticists, 21–2 8
Lost Continent, 23–24
Roosevelt, Theodore, 294
Roys, Ralph, 113
Ruiz, Samuel, 39 8
S
Sahagún, Bernardino de, 8 9,
232, 236, 240, 514
Salome, Mária, 243
San Andrés Peace Accords,
394
Sanders, William, 32, 93
Sandinista National Libera-
tion Front (FSLN), 313
Sandino, Augusto, 307
Sandoval, Marta, 461
San Francisco el Alto, 365
San José Mogote, 51
San Leticia, 53
San Lorenzo, 49–50, 51
San Pedro Almolonga,
355–57, 360
Santa Anna, Antonio López,
261
Santa Isabel Iztapan, 42
Santa María de Antigua del
Darién, 160
Santa Rita, 116
Sapir, Edward, 530
Saramago, José, 3 88
Saturno, William, 55