Writing Academic English 4th Edition

whichI sentmyapplicationto

thatthegiftwaswrappedin

MayorPylelosttheelection.I votedforMayerPyle.

(a)MayorPyle,forwhomIvoted,losttheelection.

(b) MayorPyle,whomIvotedfor,losttheelection.

ThePresident'sScholarshipwasawardedtosomeoneelse.John

hadappliedfortAePresident's£shelarship.

(a)ThePresident'sScholarship,forwhichJohnhadapplied,was

awardedtosomeoneelse.

(b) ThePresident'sScholarship,whichJohnhadappliedfor,was

awardedtosomeoneelse.

Noonehadreadthebook.HequotedfromtheBee*.

(a) Noonehadreadfromthebookfromwhichhequoted.

(b) Noonehadreadthebookwhichhequotedfrom.

Noonehadreadthebookthathe:quotedfrom.

Noonehadreadthebookhequotedfrom.

Thecandidatelosttheelection.I votedforthesandidate.

(a) ThecandidateforwhomIvotedlosttheelection.

(b) ThecandidatewhomIvotedforlosttheelection.

ThecandidatethatIvotedforlosttheelection.

ThecandidateIvotedforlosttheelection.

whomI shareda secretwith

whomI dida favorfor

Nonrestrictive

which

Restrictive

which,that, 0

Nonrestrictive

whom

Chapter 14 I AdjectiveClauses 241

Restrictive

whom,that, 0

(b) Intheinformalway,thepronouncomesat thebeginningandthe

prepositionat theendoftheclause:

Whenshouldyouusetheinformalway, andwhenshouldyouusetheformal
way?Inallbutthemostformalwriting(master'stheses,Ph.D.dissertations,legal
documents,orbusinessreports,forexample),theinformalpatternisprobably
acceptable.Englishhasnoacademicorgovernmentalauthoritythatissuesrules
aboutcorrectness.Standardsvary.Inyourclasses,someteacherswillrequireyou
towriteonlyformalEnglish,whileotherswillacceptinformalusage.Alwaysask
ifyouarenotsure.
Thefollowingexamplesshowyouhowtocombinetwosentencestomakea new
sentencecontaininganadjectiveclause.Sentence(a)is formal;allofthe(b)sentences
areinformal.