Writing Academic English 4th Edition

verb+ed, en,t,d

opened

taken

bought

sold

PerfectParticiples

Havingsolvedmostoftheproblems

withoutanyhelp,thestudentswere

exhilarated.

Jacobwrotethewinningessay.

Trynottowakea sleepingbaby.

-edParticiples

ChildrenshouldnotseeX-ratedmovies.

verb+ing

opening

having+pastparticiple

havingopened

Verbs

SomemoviesareratedX.

Theessaywonanaward.

Thebabywillsleepuntileight.

..Therearealsoperfectforms.

Verbs

Thestudentshadsolvedmostof

theproblemswithoutanyhelp.

Theperfectformsemphasizethat

theactionhappenedbeforethe

timeofthemainclauseverb.

Thegeneralformsdonot

indicatetime.Timeis determined

bythemainclauseverb.

Chapter 15 I ParticipialPhrases 251

Mylegwasbrokenin threeplaces. Mybrokenlegishealingslowly.

Thetwokindsofparticiplescomefromeitheractiveorpassivevoiceverbs.

e Anactivevoiceverbbecomesan-ingparticiple.

Verbs -ingParticiples

Thecustomfascinatesme. Thefascinatingcustomhasbeenthe

subjectofmanybooks.

eApassivevoiceverbbecomesan-eelparticiple.

A participialphrasecontainsa participle+otherwords.Useparticipialphrasesto

modifynounsandpronouns.

~

StudentsplanningtograduateinJunemustmakeanappointmentwiththe

registrar.

~

Airportsecuritywillquestionanyonefoundwithasuspiciousobjectintheir

baggage.

ParticipleFonns

Themostcommonlyusedparticipleforms areshowninthefollowingchart.

Participial Phrases