Writing Academic English 4th Edition

Cheeringwildlyasthegame

ended,thecrowdwouldnotleave

thestadium.

EveryonetakingtheTOEFLnext

monthmustpreregister.

Studentstakingcalculusmust

buya graphingcalculator.

Theteammembers,lookinghappy

aftertheirvictory,werecheeredby

thefans.

Everyonewhowilltakethe

TOEFLnextmonthmust

preregister.

Thecrowd,whichwascheering

wildlyasthegameended,

wouldnotleavethestadium.

Studentswhoaretakingcalculus

mustbuya graphingcalculator.

Theteammembers,wholooked

happyaftertheirvictory,were

cheeredbythefans.

Manystudentswhostudyatthis Manystudentsstudyingatthis

universityarefromforeigncountries. universityarefromforeigncountries.

Future

2. Thenumberofstudentswhoarestudyingroboticsisgrowing.

mechanicalengineering.

5. Robots,whichdonotneedtoeat,sleep,ortakebreaks,canworknonstop.
   a.

b.

b.

Chapter 15 IParticipialPhrases 253

3. Soon,robotsthatworkinassemblyplantswillbeabletofollowvoice
   commands.


4. Robots,whichhavetheabilitytowithstandextremetemperaturesand
   radiationlevels,canperformjobsthataretoodangerousforhumans.
   a.

Past

continuous

Present

continuous

Simplepast

Simple

present

A. Rewriteeachsentence,reducingtheadjectiveclausetoa participialphrase.

Rewritesentences4 and5 eachintwoways:oncewiththeparticipialphrase

beforeandoncewithit afterthenounit modifies.Addcommastosentences

withnomestrictivephrases.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyouasanexample.

1. Roboticsisa complexfieldthatcombineselectronics,computerscience,
   andmechanicalengineering.
   Roboticsisacomplexfieldcombiningelectronics.computerscience.and

Ageneralform-ingparticiplemaycomefrompresent,past,orfuturetenseverbs.

-ingParticipial

Phrases

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General
Form-iug
Participial
Phrases