288 AppendixBI PunctuationRules
OuotationMarks
QuotationmarksC...")havethreebasicuses:toenclosedirectquotations,to
encloseunusualwords,andtoenclosetitlesofshortworks.
Around.DirectQuotations
Usequotationmarksarounda directquotationthatisshorterthanthreelines.A
directquotationstatestheexactwordsofa speakerandis usuallyintroducedbya
reportingphrasesuchashesaidorasthereportstated.
Punctuationwithquotationmarkscanbea littletricky.Herearesomerulesto
follow:
- Separatea quotedsentencefroma reportingphrasewitha comma.
Thereceptionistsaid,"Thedoctoris unavailablerightnow.Pleasewait."
"Wehavealreadybeenwaitingforanhour,"weanswered.
2.Periodsandcommasgoinsidethesecondquotationmarkofa pair.
"I thoughthewasresponsible,"hesaid,"butheisn't."
- Colonsandsemicolonsgooutsidequotationmarks.
"Givemelibertyorgivemedeath":thesearefamouswords.
4.Exclamationpoints(!)andquestionmarks(?)goinsidequotationmarks
iftheyarea partofthequotation;otherwise,theygooutside.
"Isit eighto'clock?"sheasked.
Didshesay,"Itis eighto'clock"?
5.Begineachquotedsentencewitha capitalletter.Whena quotedsentenceis
dividedintotwoparts,thesecondpartbeginswitha lowercaseletterunless
it isa new sentence.
"Ithoughthewasresponsible,"hesaid,"butheisn't."
"I thinkheisresponsible,"hesaid."lookathisfinework."
6.UsesinglequotationmarksC...')toenclosea quotationwithina quota-
tion.
AsJohnF.Kennedyremindedus,"WeshouldneverforgetthewordsofMartin
LutherKing,Jr.,whosaid,'Ihavea dream.'"
Around.UnusualWords
Usequotationmarksaroundwordswithanunusual,especiallyironic,meanings.
The"banquet"consistedofhotdogsandsoftdrinks.
Thelittlegirlproudlyshowedher"masterpiece":a crayondrawingofa flower.