Writing Academic English 4th Edition

PRACTICE 2

KeyNouns

ll.e1'Noun
Substitutes

Chapter 2 IUnitvandCoherence 23

A. Inthefollowingparagraph,thekeynounisneverrepeated.Replacethe

pronounitwiththekeynounEnglishwhereveryouthinkdoingsowould

maketheparagraphmorecoherent.

English

1Englishhasalmostbecomeaninternationallanguage.2ExceptforChinese,

morepeoplespeakit thananyotherlanguage.SSpanishis theofficiallanguage

ofmorecountriesintheworld,butmorecountrieshaveitastheirofficialor

unofficialsecondlanguage.4Morethan 70 percentoftheworld'smailis written

init.51tis theprimarylanguageontheInternet.Bininternationalbusiness,it is

usedmorethananyotherlanguage,andit is thelanguageofairlinepilotsandair

trafficcontrollersallovertheworld.7Moreover,althoughFrenchusedtobethe

languageofdiplomacy,it hasdisplacedit throughouttheworld.Brherefore,

unlessyouplantospendyourlifealoneona desertislandinthemiddle--ofthe

PacificOcean,it is a usefullanguagetoknow.

B. Inthefollowingpassageaboutdolphins,replacesomeofthepronounswith

appropriatesingularorpluralnouns.

Dolphins

1Dolphinsareinterestingbecausetheydisplayalmosthumanbehaviorat

times.2Forexample,theydisplaythehumanemotionsofjoyandsadness.

3Duringtraining,whentheydosomethingcorrectly,theysquealexcitedlyand

racetowardtheirtrainer.<Jwhentheymakea mistake,however,theydroop!

noticeablyandmope^2 aroundtheirpool.5Furthermore,theyhelpeachother

whentheyareintrouble.Blfoneis sick,it sendsouta m,essage,andothersin

theareaswimtohelpit.7Theypushit tothesurfaceofthewatersothatit can

breathe.B-rheystaywithit fordaysorweeksuntilit recoversordies.~heyhave

alsohelpedtrappedorlostwhalesnavigatetheirwaysafelyouttotheopensea.

1C>Jheyaresointelligentandhelpful,infact,thattheU.S.Navyis trainingthem

tobecomeunderwaterbombdisposalexperts.

Ifyoudonotwishtorepeata keynounagainandagain,youcanusesynonymsor

expressionswiththesamemeaning.Forexample,insentence 8 ofthefirstparagraph

aboutgold,thewritersubstitutedthenounuseasa synonymforapplicationin

sentence7,therebysmoothingtheflowofthoughtfromonesentencetothenext.

Idroop:sinkdown

2 mope: actdepressed