Writing Academic English 4th Edition

28 Part 1 I WritingaParagraph

Thewordsandphrasesinthefirsttwocolumnsofthechartcanalsoconnecttwo

independentclauses.Inthiscase,weusethemwitha semicolonanda comma.

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I ,---INDEPENDENTCLAUSE-

Inwarmclimatezones,waterevaporatesrapidly;therefore,theconcentrationof

saltisgreate~.

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I

BoththeRedSeaandtheMediterraneanhavenarrowoutletstotheocean;

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I

however,theMediterranean'sis narrower.

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I

A fewsocietiesintheworldarematriarchal;thatis,themotherisheadof thefamily.

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I

SomeEnglishwordshavenoexactequivalentsinotherlanguages;forexample,

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I

thereisnoGermanwordfortheadjectivefair,asinfairplay.

LookatCompoundSentenceswithConjunctiveAdverbsonpages168-170for

moreexamples.

Coordinator!;

Thisgroupincludesthesevencoordinatingconjunctionsand,but,so, or,nor,for,

andyetandthefiveconelative("paired")conjunctionsboth ... and,notonly...

butalso,neither... nor,either... or,andwhether... or.Coordinatorsmayor

maynothavecommas.Whentheyconnecttwoindependentclauses,usea comma.

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I r-'NDEPENDENTCLAUSE--

Ina matriarchy,themotheristheheadofthefamily,andallthechildrenbelong

I

toherclan.l

I INDEPENDENTCLAUSE I ,--INDEPENDENTCLAUSE--

Inwarmclimatezones,waterevaporatesrapidly,sotheconcentrationofsaltis

I

greater.

r---'NDEPENDENTCLAUSE I ,---INDEPENDENTCLAUSE~

Childrennotonlyneedlove,buttheyalsoneeddiscipline.

Whencoordinatorsconnecttwowordsorphrases,donotusea comma.

Wouldyourathertakea writtenoranoralexam?

Childrenneednotonlylovebutalsodiscipline.

Exception: Somewritersusea conunabeforebutandyetevenwhentheydonot

connectindependentclausestoemphasizethecontrastoftheconnectedideas.

Thepoemissolemn,yetoptimisticintone.

LookatCompoundSentenceswithCoordinatorsonpages165-167andthesection

on ParallelismConelative(Paired)Conjunctionsonpages181-183formoreexamples.

'clan:extendedfamilygroup