526 Indexglenoid labrum 14f
gliding joints 15, 16–17t, 28
gluteus maximus 61f, 469f
actions and attachments 167, 174
attachment to bone 177f
gluteus medius 61f, 469f
actions and attachments 170–171, 175
line of pull and action 177f
gluteus minimus 170–171, 175, 176f, 177f
gracilis 60f, 173, 176, 177f, 251f, 468f
Graham technique 267, 433f
grand battement
emphasis of movement 478
“lift from under the leg” 209
movement analysis 480–483
range of motion 486
stabilizer (fixator) muscles 55
grand jeté en avant 492–499
grand plié
forces on knee 265–268
muscle activation and turnout 199
and patellofemoral compressive forces 261
gravity. See also line of gravity
and abdominal exercises 124
and body orientation 15
counteracting with muscle contraction 52
influence on type of contraction 63
loss of and spine length 74
and “release and recover” movement 53
in standing movements of spine 110
and upright stance 108
use in stretching exercises 67
greater trochanter 159, 204, 208
Greek root of names 59
ground reaction forces 488, 497
growth plate 5
H
hallux 300
hamstrings 246–247, 469f
actions and attachments 168
and flat back position 194
flexibility and neutral pelvis 115
flexibility and spine hyperextension
117–118
flexibility test 205
location 61f
moment arm 59f
passive insufficiency 59f
and patellofemoral joint 257–258
and pelvic stabilization 185
strengthening exercises 66, 276t, 277 t
stretching 67f, 223, 225t, 226 t, 283, 283t
hand
bones 9, 425f
dorsal aspect 17f
joints 425–427
movements 421, 427f
muscles 427–431
muscles and movements 430t
palmar aspect 17f
passive insufficiency with finger flexion
433
structure 424
head (bony marking) 11t
hinge joints 15, 16–17t, 28
hinge movements 267
hip
alignment problems 475t
angle of femoral inclination 178–179
angle of femoral torsion 180
bones 158–161
bony landmarks 158–161
bursae 163
compressive forces 194
coxa vara 179
effect of suction 163
femoral anteversion/retroversion 180–
181
joint structure 161–162
labrum 163
ligaments 161–163, 163f
mechanics 181–186
movements 161f
muscles 163–164
muscles and movements 187t
pelvic-femoral rhythm 184–185
range of motion 223t
hip abductors
and side extensions 204
strengthening exercises 216–217, 221
stretches 229
hip adductors
strengthening exercises 218–219, 221
stretches 228t
stretching 226t, 227 t, 228–229
hip extensor training 66f
back leg raise 214t
strengthening exercises 214–215, 221
stretches 223, 225t
“use back of the leg” 186
hip flexors
and abdominal exercises 124
and fatigue posture 100
flexibility test 212
and lumbar hyperlordosis 96, 97f
minimizing in abdominal exercises 120
strengthening exercises 213–214, 221
stretches 222–223, 224t
hip injuries
fractures 7, 230–231
iliopsoas tendinitis 232
muscle strain 231–232
osteoarthritis 231
piriformis syndrome 233–234
prevention 230
snapping hip syndrome 232–233
trochanteric bursitis 233
hip movements
abduction 189
adduction 189–190
back extensions 208–211
extension 188–189
external rotation 191–192
flexion 187–188
front développé 201–204
front extensions 201–204
horizontal abduction 193
horizontal adduction 193
internal rotation 192–193
side extensions 204–208
hip muscles
activation during turnout 199
adductor longus, magnus, brevis 172
angle of femoral inclination 180f
anterior 165–166, 176f
attachments and actions 174–176
deep outward rotators 169
external rotators and turnout 269
gluteus maximus 167
gluteus medius 170–171
gluteus minimus 170–171
gracilis 173
hamstrings 168iliopsoas 165–166
lateral 170–171
medial 171–174
and movements 187t
multijoint 193
pectineus 173
posterior 167–169
posterior view 177f
rectus femoris 166
tensor fasciae latae 171
hip rotators 169–170. See also deep out-
ward rotators
strengthening exercises 222
stretching 229
hip strengthening exercises 213–220t
horizontal abduction 23t, 27, 193
horizontal adduction 23t, 27, 45, 193
horizontal plane 19, 26f, 27
Horton technique 267
humeroulnar joint 412
humerus 9, 375, 376f, 399t
hyaline cartilage 13
hyperextension 23t, 24
of elbow 414–415
of hip 161
of knee 52, 270, 272, 280
of spine 75, 75f, 115–116, 117f, 148f
hypertrophy 37
and force of muscle contraction 40
of quadriceps 271
H zone 37, 38
I
I band 37
iliac crest 158f, 159, 178
iliac fossa 158f, 159
iliacus 85–86, 90t, 174, 176f
iliocostalis muscles 86t, 87, 91t, 93 f, 132,
469 f
iliofemoral ligament 161
iliolumbar ligament 78
iliopsoas 85–86, 90t, 468 f
actions and attachments 165–166
attachment to bone 176f, 177f
customary action of muscle 43f
and fatigue posture 100
in front développé 203
location 60f
reversal of customary action of muscle
43 f
and side extensions 204
strengthening exercises 213t
stretching 224t
iliotibial band 167f, 189, 244
iliotibial tract 177f
ilium 3f, 9, 158, 158f
inferior 17, 18t
inferior articular process 73f, 74
inferior pole of patella 238
inferior ramus of pubis 158f, 159
inferior vertebral notch 73
infraspinatus 61f, 394f, 400–401, 469f
inguinal ligament 83f, 84f, 92f
insertion of muscle 42–43
intercalated discs 34
intercondylar eminence 239f
intercondylar fossa 238
intercondylar notch 239f
internal obliques 60f, 83–84, 90t, 92 f, 468f
internal rotation 23t, 26
interosseus membrane 300, 415
interosseus talocalcaneal ligaments 304