Dance Anatomy & Kinesiology

528 Index

lower leg (continued)
plantar flexor stretches 357t
retinaculum 308, 309f
shin splints 364–365
soleus 313–314
stirrup muscles 337
stress fractures 366–368
stretching exercises 356–359t
tendon sheaths 308, 309f
tibialis anterior 310
tibialis posterior 314–315
tibial stress syndrome 364–365
lumbar lordosis 95–98
and back extensor strength 129
controlling 96f
correcting 97f
and iliopsoas 85–86
and long-lying position 128
lumbar 81
during partnering 119
and psoas paradox 108
while sitting 115
lumbar-pelvic rhythm 183f
lumbar rotation 76f
lumbar vertebrae 72
during adulthood 73f
at birth 73f
curvature 81
facet joints 76f
lordosis 81
neutral spine during abdominal exer-
cises 127
size of intervertebral discs 75
structure 73f
lumbosacral joint 78–79
lumbosacral sprain/strain 149
lumbricales 322f

M
malleolus 11t
McKenzie extension exercises 152
mechanical advantage 46–48, 47f
medial 18t
medial border of patella 238
medial collateral ligament
of ankle 303
of knee 240, 240f, 243f
stress test 242
medial condyle of knee 238
medial epicondyle 238, 239f
median plane 17f, 18
mediolateral axes 19, 20f, 24f
medullary cavity 4
menisci 14f, 240f, 243, 243f
injuries 288–289
mesenchyme 5
metacarpals 9, 424
metacarpophalangeal joint 426
metatarsals 10, 298, 299f
and foot type 329
sections 300
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint 301t,
305
windlass effect 307
midcarpal joints 425f
middle deltoid 61f
midfoot 299f, 300
midsagittal plane 18
moment arm 46
and abdominal exercises 129
of hamstrings 59f
influence on torque 49

and patellar function 256

moment of force 45–46

Morton’s neuroma 370

motion segment 79

movement analysis

alignment and technique 472–473

benefits 485–487

correcting errors 473

and emphasis of movement 478

extreme range of motion 470, 472

grand battement devant 480–483

grand jeté en avant 492–499

lateral tilt 483–485

mechanical 488

movement cues 500

optimal performance models 499–500

phases 466

prime mover(s) 470t

qualitative and quantitative 487–488

related research 489

roles of muscles 467

running 490–492

schema 479, 480t

self-analysis 479

simplified schema 64t

and speed of movement 477–478

strength requirements 472

synergists 470

multiarticulate muscle 57

multifidus 88–89, 93f

and core stability 113

strengthening exercises 132

multijoint muscles 56–57

at hip joint 193

Lombard’s paradox 58

in upper extremity 432

muscle belly 41

muscle contraction

active insufficiency 57–58

agonists (movers) 54

and alignment 30

antagonists 54–55

concentric 51

dynamic 51

effort (E) 46

electromyography 62, 64

and force couples 56

influence of gravity 63

isometric (static) 52–53

Lombard’s paradox 58

in movement analysis 467

passive insufficiency 57–58

and “release and recover” movement

53

sliding filament theory 37–39

stabilizer (fixator) 55

stretch-shortening cycle 54

synergist (neutralizer) 55

type and abdominal exercises 124

type and torque 50t

types 50–53

muscle fiber type 39–40

muscle fusion theory 107

muscle(s)

actions deduced from attachments 63

angle of attachment 48, 50

anterior view 60f, 468f

architecture 40–41

attachment and action 63

attachment to bone 4, 5, 41–44, 42f

and bone density 6

cell structure 34

characteristics 2, 39t

contractility 34

cross-sectional area 40

customary action 43

fiber arrangement 40–41

fiber type and function 39

functions 34

growth 37

hypertrophy 37

insertion 42–43

learning names and actions 58–68

line of pull 43–44

mechanical model 36–37

microstructure 37, 38f

multijoint 56–57

names and word roots 62t

origin 42–43

posterior view 61f, 468f

postural and nonpostural 40

prime mover(s) 467, 470t

stabilizer (fixator) muscle 467

strain 29

striated appearance 37

structure 42f

tissue properties 34–36

types 34, 35t

myofibrils 37

myofilaments 37

myosin 37

N

navicular bone 298, 299f

neck of femur 159

nervous tissue 2

neural arch 72

neuroglia 2

neurons 2

neutral base alignment 114

nonaxial joints 28

nonpostural muscles 40

nonstructural scoliosis 104

nucleus pulposus 74

O

oblique muscles

and lateral flexion 111

and protection of spine 107

recruiting during abdominal exercises

122–123, 124

and spinal flexion 108

oblique planes 22

obturator externus 175, 176f

obturator foramen 158f, 159

obturator internus 169–170, 175

odontoid process 77

olecranon process 412

open kinematic chain movements 29–30

examples 31

lumbar-pelvic rhythm 183–184

and pointe work 337–338

opposition of thumb 426

organs 2, 34

origin of muscle 42–43

os coxae 9, 158, 160

Osgood-Schlatter disease 292–293

os innominatum 9, 158

ossification 5

osteoblasts 5, 367

osteoclasts 8

osteopenia 6

osteoporosis 6, 7, 100, 230–231

os trigonum syndrome 367–368