Dance Anatomy & Kinesiology

532 Index

thoracic vertebrae (continued)
kyphosis 81, 98–100
upper back lifted 118
thoracolumbar fascia 107, 113
thorax 9
thumb movements 426, 429t, 431
tibia 9, 239f
bony landmarks 238
palpation 298
rotation and injury 268
stress fractures 367
torsion 254, 324
and turnout 20
weight-bearing function 300
tibialis anterior 60f, 310, 468f
and pointe work 337
tibialis posterior 314–315, 316f
and pointe work 337
tibial plateau 238, 239f
tibial stress syndrome 364–365
tibial tuberosity 238
tibiofemoral joint 239
tissue types 2
titin 36
tonic muscles 40
torque 45–46
and concentric contraction 51
influence of moment arm 49
and lever action 47f
and type of muscle contraction 50t
trabeculae 4
trabecular bone 4
transverse abdominis 468f
and protection of spine 107
recruiting during abdominal exercises
122–123
and spinal flexion 108
transverse arch of foot 298
transverse ligament 240f, 243f
transverse plane 18
transverse process 73f, 74
transverse tarsal joint 304–305
transversus abdominis 60f, 84–85, 90t, 92 f
trapezius 60f, 61f, 381–382, 468f, 469f
anterior view 393f
Trendelenburg sign 189, 191, 233
triaxial joints 16–17t, 28
triceps brachii 61f, 469f
actions and attachments 418–419
posterior view 394f
strengthening exercises 436t, 443 t, 444 t
triceps coxae 169
triceps surae 312, 314
and Achilles tendinitis 363
strengthening exercises 343t
trochanter 11t
bursitis 233
trochlea 412
tropomyosin 38

troponin 38

true ribs 77

true synergist 55

tubercle 11t, 42

tuberosity 11t

of fifth metatarsal 299f

turnout

active and passive 196

and angle of femoral torsion 180

“bring heel forward” 269

and deep outward rotators 169

determining factors 196

and femoral retroversion 181

forcing 268

and gender 196

and ischial tuberosity 159

and lumbar hyperlordosis 95

and muscle activation 198–199

and planes of body 20

in side extensions 204

strengthening exercises 199f

stretches 198f

test for 197

two-joint muscle 57

actions at knee 264–265

resistance training 66

stretching 67

Type I and Type II fibers 39

U

ulna 9

ulnar deviation 426

uniarticulate muscle 57

uniaxial joint 28

upper extremity. See radioulnar joint

bones 461f

closed kinematic chain movements 31

coordination of multiple joint move-

ment 432

flexibility exercises 447–452

joints 461f

multijoint muscles 431–432

open kinematic chain movements 31

pronation 23t, 27

skeletal structure 9, 10f

strength and partnering 119

strengthening exercises. See elbow

strengthening; shoulder strength-

ening

superficial muscles 462f

supination 23t, 27

upper extremity injuries. See also shoulder

injuries

acromioclavicular sprain 453

biceps tendinitis and rupture 458–459

carpal tunnel syndrome 459–460

prevention 452

tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) 459

upper trapezius 468f

V

valgus angulation 250

valgus of rearfoot 326–327

valgus stress 240

in dance 269–270

in demi-plié 477

varus of rearfoot 327

varus stress 241

vasti muscle fiber arrangement 40

vastus intermedius 244, 468f

vastus lateralis 244, 251f, 468f

and patella tracking 259

vastus medialis 244, 251f, 468f

and patellofemoral pain syndrome

190

vector 50

ventral 18t

vertebrae 9

structure 72

vertebral arch 72, 73f

joints between 75–76

vertebral body 72, 73f

joints between 74–75

vertebral canal 72

vertebral column 9. See also spine

during adulthood 73f

at birth 73f

joint between vertebral bodies 74–75

movements 79–81, 80f

regions 72

segmental movement 80f

spondylolisthesis 149–150

spondylolysis 149–150

vertebral endplate 74

vertebral foramen 72, 73f

vertebra prominens 74

vertical axis 21

joint movements about 26f

viscoelastic 36

properties of menisci 243

viscosity of muscle 36

W

walking phases 334–335, 466

wall plié 200

Wolff’s law 6

wrist. See also radioulnar joint

movements 425–426, 427f

muscles 427-429, 431

muscles and movements 430t

structure 424

Y

“Y” ligament 161

Z

Z line 37, 38

zygoapophyseal joints 75