Music from the Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century

antecedents of,  349

as  ballata influence,   364 ,   366 ,   368

bergerette  and,     526

birdsong,    349 ,   711

laude   and,     134

Machaut and,     292 –97,    298 ,   299 –301,   349 ,   366

rustic  parodies,    349 –50

virga (rod shape), 214 –17

Virgil, 356 , 383

virginal (English harpsichord), 671

pentagonal,  46

Virgin Mary,

Anglican    Mariolatry  rejection   and,     672

Annunciation    carol   and,     420

antiphon    motet   and,     270 –73

conductus   to,  403 ,   406

cult    of,  94 ,    109

devotional  songs   to,  98 ,    99 ,    128 ,   140 ,   270 –73,    275 –76,    333 ,   532 –33

“Ex Semine” clausala    to,  196 ,   209 –11,    210 ,   211

feasts  of,  12 ,    191 –92,    291 ,   565 ,   566

Florence    cathedral   dedication  to,  282 ,   285    Gloria  tropes  and,     55

Machaut Mass    Ordinary    to,  307 ,   316

Magnificat  and,     11

Notre   Dame    Cathedral   dedication  to,  169

numerical   symbol  of,  285

offices to,  48

Stabat  mater   dolorosa    sequence    and,     134

stock   votive  epithets    for,     520

votive  Masses  to,  307 ,   314 ,   316 ,   317 –26,    595

votive  motets  to,  501 –26,    532 ,   565 –72

virtuosity,

audience    effects of,  616 –67

compositional,   330 ,   339 ,   342 ,   349

Counter Reformation music   and,     785 ,   786

improvisational,     536 –41

motet   composition and,     233 –36

sestina and,     352